Distribution, Composition, Sources, and Potential Ecological Risks of PAHs in the Sediments of the Lanzhou Reach of the
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Distribution, Composition, Sources, and Potential Ecological Risks of PAHs in the Sediments of the Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River, China Yufeng Jiang1,2 · Longmiao Yuan1,2 · Hong Wen1,2 · Qian Zhang1,2 · Lanlan Liu1,2 · Yingqin Wu3 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The distribution, composition, sources, and potential ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of the Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River, China were investigated. The total concentration of the 18 individual PAHs (∑18PAHs) in the sediments ranged from 638 to 1620 ng/g, with a mean value of 901 ng/g. The pollution level of PAHs in the sediments was low to moderate. Spatially, the distribution of PAHs in the sediments showed an increasing trend along the direction of water flow. ∑18PAHs predominantly consisted of low molecular weight PAHs. The principal component analysis and isomer ratios of PAHs suggested the mixed sources of petroleum and those from the combustion of petroleum, coal, and biomass. The results showed that the PAHs in the sediments of the Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River have a low ecological risk. However, the BaP equivalent exposure values suggested a potential cancer risk. Keywords Pahs · Sediment · Yellow river · Source apportionment · Risk assessment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of toxic organic pollutants consisting of two or more fused aromatic rings that are widely distributed in air, water, soil, and other environmental media (Maletić et al. 2019; Santos et al. 2019). The potential toxicity of PAHs threatens the ecosystems and human health because of bioaccumulation and biomagnification through the food chain. Given their negative impact on human health, PAHs have become a serious global pollution problem, raising a great environmental concern (Maletić et al. 2019). Sediments are important sources and sinks for the transport and transformation of PAHs; they also play an important role in the trend of environmental behavior and bioavailability of PAHs in aquatic environments (Khaksara et al. 2019). A considerable number
* Yufeng Jiang [email protected] 1
School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2
Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
3
Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
of studies have been conducted on the occurrence and risk of PAHs in the sediments of the natural rivers of China (Wang et al. 2015; Gong et al. 2018). As a place of accumulation of hydrophobic organic pollutants, sediments also reflect information on the status, source, and emission history of PAH contaminants (Feng et al. 2018). Studies have reported that the level of PAH contamination in sediments is closely related to the level of economic activities and fossil fuel consumption
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