Distribution of carbonate rocks and variation analysis of karst water resources in China
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Distribution of carbonate rocks and variation analysis of karst water resources in China Wenjie Sun1,2,3 · Jianxin Song4,5 · Wenkai Yang1 · Yuejun Zheng5 · Chunyan Li5 · Da Kuang1 Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbonate strata are widely distributed in China, which can be found in more than 30 provinces and cities, covering about 1/3 of the country’s territorial area. Affected by different geological and climatic conditions, carbonate strata in China geographically present different karst landscapes and groundwater resources. Specifically, northern China is dominated by large karst springs, while southern China is characterized by underground rivers. By determining the distribution range of carbonate strata in China, this paper pointed out the locations of large karst springs in the north and underground rivers in the south, analyzed the distribution characteristics of carbonate rocks in the north and south, the degree of karst development as well as their geological and climate genesis, and discussed the differences between karsts in northern and southern China in terms of occurrence forms of karst water and groundwater systems. Keywords Carbonate rocks · Karst water resources · Karst water system · Large karst springs · Underground rivers
Introduction China has a wide distribution of carbonate strata and is one of the countries with the most karst development types in the world. In recent years, many scholars have carried out a lot of research on karst problems in China, and have achieved Wenjie Sun and Jianxin Song contributed equally to this work. * Wenjie Sun [email protected] * Jianxin Song [email protected] 1
National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
3
Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
4
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
5
Groundwater Investigation and Monitoring Laboratory, China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
fruitful research results. Lu et al. expounded some hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions of karst development in China, as well as karst water resources and their eco-hydrological characteristics in typical areas, and studied the exploitation, utilization and protection of karst groundwater resources in southwestern China (Lu et al. 1973, 2006; Lu 2011). Liang et al. studied the division and characteristics of karst water systems in Northern China, and summarized environmental problems of karst water in the north (Liang and Wang 2010; Liang et al. 2013). He et al. comparatively analyzed the differences in the types, development characteristics, scale,
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