Distribution of green algae micro-propagules and their function in the formation of the green tides in the coast of Qinh
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Distribution of green algae micro-propagules and their function in the formation of the green tides in the coast of Qinhuangdao, the Bohai Sea, China Hongbin Han1, 2, 3, Wei Song2, 3, Zongling Wang1, 2, 3*, Dewen Ding1, 2, Chao Yuan2, 3, Xuelei Zhang2, 3, Yan Li2, 3 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 2 Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, First Institute of Oceanography,
Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China 3 Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and
Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266235, China Received 6 March 2018; accepted 13 September 2018 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract
Since 2015, a novel green tide has been recurring in the coastal areas of Qinhuangdao at the western coast of the Bohai Sea in China, threatening the environment and ecosystem of the Beidaihe seaside holiday resort along the coast. Micro-propagules of the green algae including gametes, spores, micro-germlings and micro-vegetative fragments play an important role in the formation of green tides. They serve as a “seed source” of green macroalgae, and their distributions could reflect and influence the “algae source” of green tides. In this study, monthly surveys in the inshore and offshore areas of the Qinhuangdao coast were conducted from April to September 2016 and in January 2017 to investigate the tempo-spatial distribution patterns and the biomass variations of the green algae micro-propagules. The obtained results show that micro-propagules were mainly distributed in the inshore areas with a significantly decreasing abundance towards offshore areas. Their biomass was highest in July and August, and lowest in winter. The areas that were affected by the green tides showed a remarkably higher abundance of micro-propagules compared to other areas. These micro-propagules could serve as the “seed” source of green tides. Their distribution patterns indicate that the green tide in the coastal areas of Qinhuangdao originated locally. Key words: green tides, micro-propagules, macroalgae, Qinhuangdao, Bohai Sea Citation: Han Hongbin, Song Wei, Wang Zongling, Ding Dewen, Yuan Chao, Zhang Xuelei, Li Yan. 2019. Distribution of green algae micropropagules and their function in the formation of the green tides in the coast of Qinhuangdao, the Bohai Sea, China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(8): 72–77, doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1278-1
1 Introduction Green macroalgal blooms, referred to as “green tides”, are mainly caused by the accumulation and bloom of fast-growing macroalgae including Ulva, Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, Percursaria and Ulvaria (Taylor et al., 2001; Nelson et al., 2003). Over the last few decades, global and frequent occurrences of green tides have severely affected tourism, the aquaculture industry, and ecosystems, resulting to increased public attentions (Teichberg et al.,
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