Diversity, distribution and host association of Botryosphaeriaceae species causing oak decline across different forest e
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Diversity, distribution and host association of Botryosphaeriaceae species causing oak decline across different forest ecosystems in Algeria Alla Eddine Mahamedi & Alan J. L. Phillips & Anabela Lopes & Youssef Djellid & Mounia Arkam & Aleš Eichmeier & Abdelghani Zitouni & Artur Alves & Akila Berraf-Tebbal
Received: 9 June 2020 / Revised: 13 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Botryosphaeriaceous fungi associated with holm (Q. ilex) and cork (Q. suber) oak trees exhibiting dieback symptoms and cankers in Algeria, were sampled in twelve regions with different ecological conditions. Based on phylogenetic analyses of ITS and tef1-α loci, 13 species were identified. Three species (Diplodia corticola, Dothiorella iberica and Botryosphaeria dothidea) were found to be common to both oak species, while Doth. sarmentorum, D. mutila, Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme, D. insularis, N. stellenboschiana, Doth. plurivora, D. seriata, D. rosacearum, N. parvum and N. terminaliae were found only on one of the hosts. All A. E. Mahamedi : Y. Djellid : M. Arkam : A. Zitouni Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Algiers, Algeria A. E. Mahamedi (*) : Y. Djellid Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre, Université de Ghardaïa, Ghardaïa, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] A. J. L. Phillips Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal A. Lopes : A. Alves Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal A. Eichmeier : A. Berraf-Tebbal Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
the Botryosphaeriaceae taxa inoculated on oak shoots produced brown vascular discolouration, and were shown to be pathogenic on both oak species. Diplodia corticola was the most widespread and frequent species showing the highest aggressiveness towards both hosts. Neofusicoccum stellenboschiana, D. insularis and Doth. plurivora are recorded for the first time on Q. suber and Q. ilex. In addition to altitude, the environmental factors temperature and drought appeared to be influential variables that could describe the occurrence and the geographic distribution of these fungal species. Keywords Botryosphaeriaceae . Oak dieback . Pathogenicity . Climatic factors
Introduction Oak (Quercus) forests constitute various types of landscapes, highly characteristic of the Mediterranean region. In Algeria, holm and cork oaks (Q. ilex, Q. suber) represent the second most common trees of the total forests area after Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). They cover around 338,000 ha (Arfa et al. 2009), playing a unique ecological, climatic and socio-economic important role (Linaldeddu et al. 2011; Bouhraoua 2013; Félix et al. 2017). Nevertheless, for several years, oak populations are threatened by th
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