Botryosphaeriaceae species on forest trees in Portugal: diversity, distribution and pathogenicity
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Botryosphaeriaceae species on forest trees in Portugal: diversity, distribution and pathogenicity Eduardo Batista
& Anabela Lopes
& Artur Alves
Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae are known as pathogens of diverse woody hosts, including forest tree species. Although, several of these fungi have been described in different forest hosts in Portugal, their diversity and distribution is still poorly understood. A survey was conducted across the country to identify Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with the main forest tree species in Portugal, Quercus suber, Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster. Additionally, a metaanalysis was performed to compile and organize all records known from Portugal. From this meta-analysis, 22 different Botryosphaeriaceae species were reported and 40 different plant hosts were recorded in several studies from agricultural crops to ornamental and forest species. A total of 105 host-pathogen interactions were identified. In the national survey, 12 Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified, with Diplodia corticola being the most frequent. Diplodia insularis, Diplodia pyri, Dothiorella plurivora and Dothiorella yunnana are reported for the first time in Portugal. Of the 23 different host-fungus associations identified, 10 are also recognised as new hosts. Artificial inoculation tests confirmed the pathogenicity of all species, except Dothiorella iberica, Dothiorella plurivora and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02112-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. E. Batista : A. Lopes : A. Alves (*) CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal e-mail: [email protected]
Dothiorella yunnana, which are regarded as weakly or non-pathogenic to the hosts tested. Pathogenicity tests revealed the host-jump potential of some species, showing high susceptibility of Q. suber to Neofusicoccum parvum and N. eucalyptorum and of P. pinaster to D. corticola. Our results show that Botryosphaeriaceae species have a widespread distribution across the country, however some species such as D. corticola, D. sapinea and N. eucalyptorum exhibit a distribution that overlaps the distribution of their preferred hosts. Keywords Forest pathology . Botryosphaeria . Diplodia . Dothiorella . Neofusicoccum . Host-jumps
Introduction The forest sector represents 39% of the land use in Portugal. Favoured by distinct seasons, typical of Mediterranean climates, the forest sector offers several timber and nontimber forest products along the year (ICNF 2013). According to the last National Forest Inventory, Portuguese forest is composed of Eucalyptus spp., mostly Eucalytptus globulus (811.943 ha), Quercus suber (736.775 ha), Pinus pinaster (714.445 ha), Quercus ilex (331.179 ha), Pinus pinea (175.742 ha) and other woody plants (ICNF 2013). These ecosystems are an important source of incom
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