Diversity of Indonesian soto
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(2020) 7:27
Journal of Ethnic Foods
REVIEW ARTICLE
Open Access
Diversity of Indonesian soto Bara Yudhistira1*
and Ani Fatmawati2
Abstract As an archipelago country, Indonesia has a variety of ethnicities and cultures. In addition to local cultures, Indonesian culture has been influenced by a diversity of external cultures and foods in its development. One of the foods influenced by a culture from abroad is soto. Soto is varied, and its varieties are found in different regions throughout Indonesia. Soto is a food of Chinese origin that has been acculturated and adopted by Indonesian local cultures such as the Javanese, as well as by several other countries including India and Europe. During its development, soto was adapted to the cultures and natural resources found in each region of Indonesia, forming unique varieties of soto according to the ingredients used. Up to 75 unique forms of soto were identified in this study. Varieties of soto are distinguished by the type of broth and herbs used. Keywords: Indonesian cuisine, Herbs, Soup, Spices, Traditional food
Introduction As a large country, Indonesia has a large variety of regional specialties and more than 5300 native Indonesian foods [1]. More than 300 indigenous ethnic groups are found in Indonesia, each with a variety of traditional foods [2]. Soto is one of the Indonesian culinary icons that are easily found in almost every region in Indonesia in many different forms. Regions that have a certain soto with particular characteristics can make soto an icon of the area. This regional icon can be significant to the identity of the area. In 2012, the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia established 30 Indonesian culinary icons [3]. In 2011, the results of the CNN survey named 40 different varieties of soto as Indonesian delicacies [4]. Soto was chosen as one of Indonesia’s culinary icons and is a part of Indonesian diplomacy; therefore, it will always be presented at official international meetings and banquets [5]. Because soto is an authentic Indonesian culinary icon, it will be presented at state dinners. Soto, also called Indonesian soup, is expected to become popular in other countries. The selection of soto as one of Indonesia’s * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
culinary icons is based on its widespread occurrence [6]. It is easy to find soto everywhere because soto can be found in almost all regions of Indonesia. Furthermore, soto can be categorized as a universal food because it can be served at many types of occasions and can be enjoyed by various ethnic groups. Soto can also be served at any time: morning, afternoon, or evening. Therefore, it is appropriate that soto was chosen to be one of Indonesia’s foods of diplomacy. At present, the Republic of Indonesia Creative Economy Age
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