Nutrient composition of the Indonesian sago grub ( Rhynchophorus bilineatus )
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Nutrient composition of the Indonesian sago grub (Rhynchophorus bilineatus) Realm Köhler 1,2
&
Andrea Irias-Mata 1 & Euniche Ramandey 3 & Ratna Purwestri 1 & Hans Konrad Biesalski 1
Received: 9 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 February 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The sago grub (Rhynchophorus bilineatus) [Montrouzier, Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae] is a local delicacy in the Papua Province in Indonesia. In this study, the nutrient content of the edible insect was measured using chromatographic and spectrometric methods. The results showed that it contains 10.39 g protein and 17.17 g oil/ 100 g fresh weight. The sago grub meets the FAO/ WHO requirements of 40% essential amino acids and a 0.60 ratio between essential to non-essential amino acids. Its limiting amino acid is methionine + cysteine. The major fatty acids found in the sago grub are palmitic (42%), oleic (45%), and linoleic (3%) acids. Although vitamin E is exclusively produced by photosynthetic organisms, a gram of sago grub oil contains 51 μg vitamin E, which is composed mainly of tocopherols (92%). In contrast with palm oil, the sago grub oil contains δ-tocopherol (0.12 μg/g oil), and a significantly high amount of β-tocopherol (3.85 μg/g oil). It is a source of zinc and magnesium and contains safe levels of heavy metals. Based on these nutritional properties, the Indonesian sago grub can be considered as a good source of nutrients, and its propagation and utilization should be encouraged especially in other areas of Indonesia and maybe in neighboring countries where they are also endemic, and where malnutrition is prevalent. The consumption of edible insects should be considered as a component of dietary diversification – a sustainable way of alleviating the nutritional status of the population. Keywords Edible insects . Dietary diversification . Nutritional profiling . Micronutrients . Vitamin E
Introduction Indonesia has the world’s fourth largest population with more than 260 million people, and is the largest country in Southeast Asia with a land area of 1,904,569 km2 (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2017). It is rich in natural resources but is plagued by high levels of acute and chronic malnutrition, together with an increasing rate of childhood obesity (UNICEF Indonesia 2018), a situation common in members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In the fight against malnutrition, there are three possible options: fortification,
* Realm Köhler [email protected] 1
Institute of Nutritional Science (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
2
College of Industrial Technology, Aklan State University, Roxas Avenue Ext., 5600 Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines
3
University of Cenderawasih, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia
supplementation and dietary diversification. Among the three, dietary diversification is viewed as most sustainable. In promoting this option, the FAO encourages people to utilize indigenous fruits and vegetables to increase the
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