DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies

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DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies Florianne O. L. Vehmeijer1,2,3†, Leanne K. Küpers4,5,6†, Gemma C. Sharp4, Lucas A. Salas7,8,9,10, Samantha Lent11, Dereje D. Jima12,13, Gwen Tindula14, Sarah Reese15, Cancan Qi16,17, Olena Gruzieva18,19, Christian Page20,21, Faisal I. Rezwan22,23, Philip E. Melton24,25, Ellen Nohr26,27, Geòrgia Escaramís10,28,29, Peter Rzehak30, Anni Heiskala31, Tong Gong32, Samuli T. Tuominen33, Lu Gao34, Jason P. Ross35, Anne P. Starling36,37, John W. Holloway23,38, Paul Yousefi4, Gunn Marit Aasvang39, Lawrence J. Beilin40, Anna Bergström18,19, Elisabeth Binder41,42, Leda Chatzi43, Eva Corpeleijn6, Darina Czamara41, Brenda Eskenazi44, Susan Ewart45, Natalia Ferre46, Veit Grote30, Dariusz Gruszfeld47, Siri E. Håberg20, Cathrine Hoyo13,48, Karen Huen14, Robert Karlsson32, Inger Kull49,50, Jean-Paul Langhendries51, Johanna Lepeule52, Maria C. Magnus4,5,20, Rachel L. Maguire48,53, Peter L. Molloy35, Claire Monnereau1,3, Trevor A. Mori40, Emily Oken54, Katri Räikkönen33, Sheryl Rifas-Shiman54, Carlos Ruiz-Arenas8,9,10, Sylvain Sebert31, Vilhelmina Ullemar32, Elvira Verduci55, Judith M. Vonk6,17, Cheng-jian Xu16,17,56,57, Ivana V. Yang36,58,59, Hongmei Zhang60, Weiming Zhang61, Wilfried Karmaus60, Dana Dabelea36,37,62, Beverly S. Muhlhausler63, Carrie V. Breton34, Jari Lahti33,64, Catarina Almqvist32,65, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin31,66,67,68, Berthold Koletzko30, Martine Vrijheid8,9,10, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen4,69, Rae-Chi Huang70, Syed Hasan Arshad38,71, Wenche Nystad72, Erik Melén49,50, Gerard H. Koppelman16,17, Stephanie J. London15, Nina Holland14, Mariona Bustamante8,9,10, Susan K. Murphy53, Marie-France Hivert54,73,74, Andrea Baccarelli75†, Caroline L. Relton4†, Harold Snieder6†, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe1,2,3† and Janine F. Felix1,2*†

Abstract Background: DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with adiposity in adulthood. However, whether similar DNA methylation patterns are associated with childhood and adolescent body mass index (BMI) is largely unknown. More insight into this relationship at younger ages may have implications for future prevention of obesity and its related traits. (Continued on next page)

* Correspondence: [email protected] † Florianne O.L. Vehmeijer and Leanne K. Küpers are authors who contributed equally to the work. † Andrea Baccarelli, Caroline L. Relton, Harold Snieder, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, and Janine F. Felix are authors jointly supervised the work. 1 The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-2918, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands 2 Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction