Do simultaneous inventions sleep? A case study on nursing sleeping papers
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Do simultaneous inventions sleep? A case study on nursing sleeping papers Peter Kokol1 · Helena Blažun Vošner2,3,4 · Jernej Završnik2 Received: 29 May 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Simultaneous inventions and Sleeping papers are two interesting phenomena in scientific discovery and knowledge development processes, however they were not yet researched as a single occurrence. To close this gap, we performed a bibliometric study in which we ana‑ lysed if simultaneous discoveries can also be subjected to delayed recognition. The analy‑ sis was performed on four already identified nursing Sleeping Papers and resulted in one Sleeping simultaneous invention. Sleeping simultaneous inventions or partially sleeping inventions may represent a valuable source for improved understanding about knowledge development processes and are worth candidates for future research. Keywords Bibliometrics · Sleeping papers · Simultaneous discoveries · Nursing
Introduction Discoveries are the sine qua non of science (Small et al. 2017), and the proper working of normal science in the Khun’s sense (Kuhn 1962) is a historical sine qua non for extraordi‑ nary sciences (Grmek et al. 2012). Indeed, discovery is only an impulsive completion of a long process of construction of explanatory models or patterns based on the assimilation of new data (Bernard 1957). Philosophy of science separates the discovery process into two phases namely the actual discovery and its validation (Bhaskar 2013; Popper 1959). Discovery is not possible without the violation of an expectation set by a current paradigm * Peter Kokol [email protected] Helena Blažun Vošner helena.blazun@zd‑mb.si Jernej Završnik jernej.zavrsnik@zd‑mb.si 1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
2
Community Healthcare Centre Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Ulica talcev 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
3
Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Slovenj Gradec, Glavni trg 1, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
4
Alma Mater Europaea, Slovenska ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Scientometrics
which than triggers new research (Kuhn 1962). During the validation the discovery must sustain the process of challenges, which contain justification of consistency with further experiments and theoretical developments and confirmation by others (Checkland 1981). The above discovery process might exhibit two types of interesting phenomena. First are the simultaneous discoveries/inventions (Ogburn and Thomas 1922) emerging dur‑ ing the discovery phase and the second the Sleeping papers (Stent 1972; van Raan 2004) occurring in the validation phase. Simultaneous or multiple discoveries (also called simul‑ taneous inventions) are best described with the “Great minds thinks alike theory” (Lubow‑ itz et al. 2018; Merton 1963; Ogburn and Thomas 1922). The theory states that certain scientific discoveries emerge simultaneously, independently proposed by two or more researchers. Among thousands of
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