The association between micronutrient status and sleep quality in patients with depression: a case-control study
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NEUROLOGY • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The association between micronutrient status and sleep quality in patients with depression: a case-control study Haitham Jahrami 1,2 & Eman Alekri 1,2 & Ahmed S. BaHammam 3,4 & Ali Alsalman 1,2 & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi 5 & Omar Alhaj 6 & Zahra Saif 1 Received: 20 August 2020 / Revised: 7 October 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Few previous studies estimated the association between micronutrient status and sleep quality; no previous work was done in patients with depression compared with healthy controls. Methods Using a case-control design, 96 patients with depression were age- and sex-matched with 96 healthy controls. Dietary assessment utilized a standardized questionnaire, and analysis focused comprehensively on 18 micronutrient items. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of poor sleep quality. Results Patients with depression had a significantly lower sleep quality than controls with PSQI scores of 7.3 ± 2.7 and 5.1 ± 2.5, respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with depression was almost double the prevalence of poor sleep quality in the general population. The micronutrient status of vitamin B12 and Mg successfully predicted sleep quality in healthy controls. However, in patients with depression, micronutrient status failed to predict sleep quality. Conclusions The current research showed that sleep quality was positively associated with Mg intake, and negatively associated with vitamin B12 in healthy adults. For patients with depression in this study sample, sleep quality was not associated with micronutrient intake status. Further research is needed to determine if intake of micronutrients can improve sleep and/or depressive symptoms in patients with depression. Keywords Adjustment disorders . Dietary intake . Foods . Mood . Minerals . Vitamins
Introduction * Haitham Jahrami [email protected] 1
Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Bahrain
2
College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
3
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine/University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Box 225503, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
4
The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
6
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
Recent research has estimated that about 300 million individuals live with depression, representing approximately 4.5% of the global population [1]. Depression is considered to be a leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overa
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