Does anisometropia affect the ciliary muscle thickness? An ultrasound biomicroscopy study
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Does anisometropia affect the ciliary muscle thickness? An ultrasound biomicroscopy study Selim Cevher . Tayfun S¸ ahin
Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose To compare the ciliary muscle thickness (CMT) of the normal fellow eye to that of the amblyopic eye using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. Methods Thirty patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia were involved. The patients were divided into two groups: 19 hyperopic and 11 myopic. Axial length (AL) was measured with optic biometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris area, and CMT were measured with UBM. Results The mean age was 34.10 ± 6.61 years. The mean spherical difference between two eyes was 2.59 diopter (D) in hyperopic patients and 3.77D in myopic patients. In the hyperopic patients, nasal CMT1(nCMT), temporal CMT1(tCMT), tCMT2, and tCMT3 values were statistically thinner in amblyopic eyes than healthy eyes (p = 0.036, p = 0.003, p = 0.023, p = 0.005, respectively). ACD values were statistically lower in amblyopic eyes (2.78 ± 0.26 mm) than healthy eyes (2.90 ± 0.21 mm) (p \ 0.001). In the myopic patients, nCMT1, nCMT2, nCMT3, tCMT1, tCMT2, and tCMT3 values were statistically thicker in
S. Cevher (&) T. S¸ ahin Department of Ophthalmology, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Ulukavak Mahallesi, C¸iftlik, C¸ayırı Cd. 45 A, C ¸ orum Merkez, 019040 C¸orum, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
amblyopic eyes than healthy eyes (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.005, p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.019, respectively). ACD values were statistically higher in amblyopic eyes (3.20 ± 0.30 mm) than healthy eyes (3.06 ± 0.29 mm) (p = 0.004). Also, there was no significant difference in the iris area between the amblyopic and normal eyes of the myopic and hyperopic patients (p [ 0.05). Conclusions Amblyopic eyes in patients with unilateral myopic anisometropia have thicker CMT and deeper ACD than healthy eyes. Conversely, amblyopic eyes in patients with unilateral hyperopic anisometropia have thinner CMT and shorter ACD than healthy eyes. There is a positive correlation between AL and CMT. Keywords Ciliary muscle thickness Anisometropic amblyopia Ultrasound biomicroscopy
Introductıon Amblyopia is a clinical condition with decreased unilateral or bilateral visual acuity that develops during childhood. The causes of the amblyopia are strabismus, bilateral high refractive errors, visual deprivation (caused by cataracts, ptosis, and corneal disorders), and anisometropia. Anisometropia was evaluated as the most frequent cause of amblyopia in
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numerous studies [1, 2]. Generally, if the two-line difference between the eyes is detected, this is considered as evidence of unilateral amblyopia. Anisometropia is a condition with different refractive errors between the eyes. In the literature, although there is no consensus about the value of the refractive difference, most author
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