Does Arthritis Have a Nutritional Etiology?

Despite the recognition that degenerative cartilage disorders like OA and OCD may have nutritional abnormalities at the root of their pathogenesis, the role of nutrition in the etiology of these disorders is poorly studied (Mobasheri et al. 2002c). A huge

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tomy, Embryology and Cell Biology

Editors F. Beck, Melbourne . F. Clascá, Madrid M. Frotscher, Freiburg . D.E. Haines, Jackson N. Hirokawa, Tokyo . Z. Kmiec, Gdansk H.-W. Korf, Frankfurt . E. Marani, Enschede R. Putz, München . Y. Sano, Kyoto T.H. Schiebler, Würzburg J.-P. Timmermans, Antwerpen

Ali Mobasheri, Carolyn A. Bondy, Kelle Moley, Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes, Susana Carvalho Rosa, Stephen M. Richardson, Judith A. Hoyland, Richard Barrett-Jolley, Mehdi Shakibaei

Facilitative Glucose Transporters in Articular Chondrocytes Expression, Distribution and Functional Regulation of GLUT Isoforms by Hypoxia, Hypoxia Mimetics, Growth Factors and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines With 34 Figures

Ali Mobasheri School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected] Carolyn A. Bondy

Stephen M. Richardson Judith A. Hoyland Tissue Injury and Repair Group, School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT United Kingdom Richard Barrett-Jolley

National Institute of Child Health and Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD20892, USA

Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZJ United Kingdom

Kelle Moley Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine 4911 Barnes-Jewish Hospital Plaza St. Louis MO 63110, USA Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes Susana Carvalho Rosa

Mehdi Shakibaei Musculoskeletal Research Group Institute of Anatomy Ludwig Maximilians University Munich 80336 Munich, Germany

Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology University of Coimbra 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal ISSN 0301-5556 ISBN 978-3-540-78898-0

e-ISBN 978-3-540-78899-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929622 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the releva