Does Performance-Related Information Augment the Maximal Isometric Force in the Elbow Flexors?
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Does Performance-Related Information Augment the Maximal Isometric Force in the Elbow Flexors? William Miller1 · Sunggun Jeon1,4 · Minsoo Kang2 · Jun Seob Song1,3 · Xin Ye1,5 Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effects of different feedback conditions on the elbow flexors maximal voluntary isometric (MVIC) force were examined. In a single visit, twenty participants (10 males) were exposed to four conditions including, Visual only; (i.e., knowledge of results [VI]); Verbal encouragement (i.e., verbally stating pull, pull [VE]); VI and VE (VIVE); and no VI or VE (NOVIVE). Three, 5-s MVIC trials were completed for each condition. Separate 2 × 4 (sex × condition) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine MVIC force, rate of force development ( RFD200), and rate of electromyography (EMG) rise ( RER200) for the 0–200-ms window. There was a significant main condition effect for MVIC force (p < 0.001). Significantly greater MVIC force was shown for VIVE compared to VE (p < 0.001) and NOVIVE (p = 0.002) conditions, and VI compared to VE (p = 0.011) and NOVIVE (p = 0.009) conditions. A significant sex × condition interaction (p = 0.036) was observed for RFD200, with significantly (p = 0.003) greater RFD200 in males compared to females, in the VI condition only. There were no significant differences in RFD200 among condition for males (p = 0.033) or females (p = 0.194). There was a significant main effect for sex (p = 0.006) for RER200, with significantly greater (p = 0.003) RER200 (conditions merged) in males (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 422.99 ± 124.67%), compared to females (220.68 ± 134.01%). Here we suggest the importance of providing VI feedback alone, or in conjunction with VE, for the measurement of elbow flexion MVIC. Additionally, these results provide a foundational framework for future studies aiming to improve feedback modalities during training or rehabilitation. Keywords Visual feedback · Verbal encouragement · Maximal voluntary isometric muscle action · Upper extremity
Introduction
* William Miller [email protected] 1
Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Neuromuscular Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, 243A Turner Center University, University, MS 38677‑1848, USA
2
Health and Sport Analytics Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
3
Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
4
Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, School of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
5
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
Early work in the field of ergonomics by Arps (1917) signified the importance of “awareness” while completing a fatiguing task of the middle finger. That is, when participants were provide
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