Dose-dependent Effect of Biochar as Soil Amendment on Reducing Copper Phytotoxicity and Mobility
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RESEARCH PAPER
Dose‑dependent Effect of Biochar as Soil Amendment on Reducing Copper Phytotoxicity and Mobility Tatum Simms1 · Hao Chen1 · Gena Mahato1 Received: 2 July 2020 / Revised: 20 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © University of Tehran 2020
Abstract Using biochar to remediate metal-contaminated agricultural soil has attracted increasing attention due to it is relatively low cost and high efficiency. In this study chemical speciation, greenhouse experiments, and column leaching study were conducted to understand the mechanisms of copper (Cu) immobilization by pine needle biochar (PNB) and sweet potato residue biochar (SPRB) to evaluate the effect of biochar amendment rate for remediation Cu contaminated soils. The results showed that both PNB and SPRB amendment effectively raised soil pH and converted Cu into more stable chemical forms. 1% (W/W) SPRB was adequate for reducing exchangeable Cu fractions from 43.3 to 9.9 mg kg−1 in the contaminated soils. 1% (W/W) SPRB and 5% (W/W) PNB treatments show the best result to promote sweet potato growth. Over liming caused by 5% (W/W) SPRB resulted in inhibition of plant growth. 5% (W/W) PNB treatment also shows the best result for reducing Cu mobility: the cumulative amount of Cu in the leachate after 9 leaching events was reduced from 7.0 to 1.0 mg kg−1. However, 5% (W/W) SPRB amendment is a little effective for reducing Cu mobility. Although the biochar amendment can provide additional sorption sites for metal pollution remediation, soil pH after an amendment is also a critical factor to estimate optimal biochar application dosage for promoting plant growth and reduce metal leachability. Graphic abstract Biochar Reduce Cu Toxicity to Sweet Potato 30 Days Soil Remediation
Green House
Cu contaminated soil with biochar amendment Pyrolysis Mobility Test: Column Leaching
Treatment Rate Soil only
Exchangeable Cu (mg/Kg)
Cu enriched
43.3
PNB 1% PNB 5% SPRB 1% SPRB 5%
1.1 34.9 7.1 9.9 5.0
untreated
20
PNB 1% Cu (mg /L)
Cu Speciation Study
15 PNB 5% SPRB 1%
10
SPRB 5% 5 0 1
2
3
4 5 6 Time (Days)
7
8
9
Extended author information available on the last page of the article
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Environmental Research
Article Highlights • Biochar can effectively reduce exchangeable Cu concentration in soil matrix with sweet potato residue biochar is
more effective than pine needle biochar.
• High dose Sweepboat biochar (5%) reduce plant growth and promote Cu mobility. • High dose Pine needle biochar reduce Cu phytotoxicity and reduce Cu mobility
Keywords Biochar · Soil remediation · Dose-dependent effect · Phytotoxicity · Leachability · Greenhouse · Copper
Introduction Copper has been widely and repeatedly used in agriculture as fertilizers and fungicides since mid-eighteenth century and is currently accumulating in soils (He et al. 2005; Nunes et al. 2016). A number of inorganic Cu formulations have been used as biocides for plant treatment, such as basic copper sulfate, basic copper carbonate, copper chl
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