Effect of protists on rhizobacterial community composition and rice plant growth in a biochar amended soil
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of protists on rhizobacterial community composition and rice plant growth in a biochar amended soil Rasit Asiloglu 1 & Bahar Sevilir 2 & Solomon Oloruntoba Samuel 2 & Murat Aycan 3 & Muhittin Onur Akca 4 & Kazuki Suzuki 5 & Jun Murase 6 & Oguz Can Turgay 4 & Naoki Harada 3 Received: 12 June 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 15 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The effects of protists on an indigenous soil bacterial community, putative bacterial genes involved in N-cycling, and the rice plant growth were studied in poultry litter biochar (PL) and rice husk biochar (RH) amended (with two application doses: 2% and 4% w/w) paddy field soil. The bacterial community composition, which was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, was significantly and differentially affected by the protists, the PL and the RH. The effects of protists on the bacterial community composition were decreased by the RH and the PL treatments. The number of protist-affected bioindicator bacterial taxa was decreased from 90 to 46, 29, 43, and 21 in the 2% RH-, 4% RH-, 2% PL-, and 4% PL-treated soils, respectively. The presence of the protist significantly increased the abundance of the putative bacterial genes involved in mineralisation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and NO3- assimilation, and the same occurred with PL treatments. The rice plant growth and N uptake were always higher in the presence of protists and PL amendments. Overall our results suggest a new insight into the effects of biochar on the bacterial community via altering the trophic interactions. Keywords Biochar . N-cycling bacteria . Phagotrophic protists . Rice rhizosphere . Trophic interactions
Introduction Biochar amendment is often considered as an important solution for global warming (Herdler et al. 2008; Woolf et al. 2010), and, thus, it is one of the most important practices in sustainable agriculture. Biochar has positive effects on carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emission, soil fertility, and
* Rasit Asiloglu [email protected] 1
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
2
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
3
Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
4
Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
5
Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
6
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
agricultural productivity (Lehmann et al. 2011; Rondon et al. 2007). It is well documented that the biochar amendments shape microbial communities and functioning (D’Hose et al. 2018; Geisseler and Scow 2014; Gul et al. 2015; Lehmann et al. 2011). The effects of the biochar amendments on the microbial communities are often associated with the changes in soil chemical (i.e., pH and nutrien
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