Double-sided Polished Ultra-stable and Ultra-sensitive Optical Fiber Sensor
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Double-sided Polished Ultra-stable and Ultra-sensitive Optical Fiber Sensor Guowen An1 · Pinggang Jia1 · Ting Liang1 · Yingping Hong1 · Haiyang Wang1,2 · Abdul Ghaffar1 · Jijun Xiong1 Received: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A double-sided polished photonic crystal fiber (DP-PCF) for surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensing is designed and analyzed by using the finite element analysis software COMSOL 5.5. The suggested design shows strong sensitivity stability in the low refractive index (RI) region (1.33 ∼ 1.39) and ultra-high sensitivity in the high RI region (1.39 ∼ 1.43), respectively. The structural parameters of the proposed sensor are studied to analyze the stability and high sensitivity of the fiber sensor. The introduced DP-PCF sensor offers high sensitivity of 32,434 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.39 ∼ 1.43 due to its special double-sided polishing design. Keywords Photonic crystal fiber · Sensor · Surface plasmon resonance · Surface plasmon polariton
Introduction Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can occur when a thin metal film is coated on the surface of optical fibers [1]. The energy in the fiber core can be coupled to the surface of the metal layer and form a transmission spectrum trough (signal peak) for sensing. In recent years, more and more scholars have studied and reported on fiber optic sensors based on SPR. Especially with its unique structural advantages, photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are increasingly used in the field of fiber sensing [2]. Some of these sensors are filled with metal inside the fiber to achieve plasmon resonance. Although the sensitivity of this type of sensor is very high, the analytes to be detected still need to be internally filled by special methods. This complicated way of handling can greatly reduce the convenience of the sensor and limits its wide application. To increase the convenience of SPR-based fiber optic sensors, scholars began to optimize the sensor from the perspective of changing the fiber structural parameters. Guowen An
[email protected] 1
Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
2
Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
Most of the processing methods are to get a smooth platform for metal coating by polishing the side of the optical fiber. As a result, these so-called D-shaped fiber sensors can be inserted directly into the analyte for detection, and the analyte will not have to be filled into the cladding of the fiber by additional means. However, although this method improves convenience, it also brings another disadvantage that can not be ignored; that is, the sensitivity of the sensor is not as high as that of the analyte-filled sensor. For example, in 2015, Luyin et al. proposed a hollow-core PCF filled with silver nanowires, the highest average spectral sensitivity of 14240 nm/RIU was obtained by experiments [3]. Rifat A. A. et al. proposed a mult
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