Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer

This book is a compilation of past and recent knowledge in the field of emerging drug resistance. The book covers major aspects of drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, malaria, and cancer.Human survival on earth is constantly threatened by disease and synd

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Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer

Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer

Gunjan Arora • Andaleeb Sajid • Vipin Chandra Kalia Editors

Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer

Editors Gunjan Arora CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Delhi, India

Andaleeb Sajid National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland USA

Vipin Chandra Kalia CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Delhi, India

ISBN 978-3-319-48682-6 ISBN 978-3-319-48683-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48683-3

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017935491 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Dedicated to my Parents

Preface

Human beings interact with almost all kinds of living beings. The interaction is complexed by the influence of environmental factors. These interactions assume various relationships ranging from symbiotic at one end of the spectrum to pathogenic/parasitic at the other end. Human body—cells, tissues, and organs—has a complete network of metabolic activities and systems, which are well organized. Human systems are tuned to recognize and sense almost all kinds of living and dead molecules and organisms. Taking advantage of these human senses, vaccines are developed to protect humans against pathogenic organisms. Vaccine development being a very complex phenomenon has been pursued for a limited number of diseases. Interestingly, in spite of the presence of a mechanism to prevent entry of foreign entities, human bodies house a large number of microbes on the skin su