Interactions between invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria
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(2020) 36:137
REVIEW
Interactions between invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria Fen Wang1 · Caiyan Xin1 · Jiexing Liu1 · Zhuonan Ran1 · Chunling Zhao1 · Zhangyong Song1,2 Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Infection rates and mortality associated with the invasive fungi Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus are increasing rapidly in prevalence. Meanwhile, screening pressure brought about by traditional antifungal drugs has induced an increase in drug resistance of invasive fungi, which creates a great challenge for the preservation of physical health. Development of new drugs and novel strategies are therefore important to meet these growing challenges. Recent studies have confirmed that the dynamic balance of microorganisms in the body is correlated with the occurrence of infectious diseases. This discovery of interactions between bacteria and fungi provides innovative insight for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, different invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria interact with each other through various ways and targets, leading to different effects on their growth, morphology, and virulence. And the mechanism and implication of these interactions remains largely unknown. The present review aims to summarize the research progress into the interaction between invasive fungi and symbiotic bacteria with a focus on the anti-fungal mechanisms of symbiotic bacteria, providing a new strategy against drug-resistant fungal infections. Keywords Dynamic balance · Interaction · Invasive fungi · Symbiotic bacteria
Introduction Invasive fungal infections are an increasing public health problem and cause prominent invasive injuries, with severe symptoms such as hematogenous infection and organ Chunling Zhao and Zhangyong Song co-correspondence authors. * Chunling Zhao [email protected] * Zhangyong Song [email protected] Fen Wang [email protected] Caiyan Xin [email protected] Jiexing Liu [email protected] Zhuonan Ran [email protected] 1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People’s Republic of China
Technical Platform for the Molecular Biology, Research Core Facility, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People’s Republic of China
2
dysfunction in the host (Bongomin et al. 2017; Huseyin et al. 2017). The most frequently isolated common yeast and filamentous fungi during clinical practices are Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. In people with low immunity such as HIV infection, invasive fungi will infect throughout the body (Kamei and Watanabe 2005; Paul and Kannan 2019; Szalewski et al. 2018), causing a variety of fungal diseases (Abdulkareem et al. 2015; Chrétien et al. 2002; Kato et al. 2018; Mayer and Kronstad 2019; van de Veerdonk et al. 2017). These diseases have high recurrence rate and mortalities (Bays and Thompson 2019; Bongomin et al. 2017; Fairlamb et al. 2016; Paul and Kannan 2019; Perlin et al. 2017; Robbins et al. 2017). In addition, the
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