Dual physically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel with high stretchability and toughness as sensitive
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Dual physically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel with high stretchability and toughness as sensitive strain sensors Haitao Zhang . Xiaojun Wu . Zhihui Qin . Xia Sun . Hong Zhang . Qingyu Yu . Mengmeng Yao . Shaoshuai He . Xiaoru Dong . Fanglian Yao . Junjie Li
Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Hydrogel-based strain sensors have been widely investigated owing to their intrinsic flexible and extensible properties. However, integrating good mechanical properties and excellent strain sensitivity into one hydrogel remains a challenge. In this work, a dual physical cross-linked carboxymethyl celluloseFe3?/polyacrylamide (CMC-Fe3?/PAAm) double network hydrogel was developed by facile two-step method. In this hydrogel, the Fe3? cross-linked CMC acts as the first network for dissipating energy and hydrophobic association PAAm acts as the second network to maintain the integrity of hydrogel. Owing to these physical interactions, the as-prepared hydrogel shows good mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength, 1.82 MPa; toughness, 6.52 MJ/m3).
Furthermore, these mechanical behaviors can be modulated by adjusting the solid content, CMC/ PAAm ratio, Fe3? concentration and soaking time in Fe3? solution. Moreover, the obtained hydrogel shows excellent self-recovery and anti-fatigue property due to the reversibility of dual physical cross-linked interactions. Additionally, the CMC-Fe3?/PAAm hydrogel shows good conductivity (1.82 S/m), strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 4.02 at 50–600% strain), and fast response time (260 ms). Based on the high strain sensitivity, the CMC-Fe3?/PAAm hydrogel can fabricate a flexible strain sensor for precisely monitoring various human motions. This study suggests that the CMC-Fe3?/PAAm hydrogel exhibits potential application in the flexible and stretchable strain sensors.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03463-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Zhang X. Wu Z. Qin X. Sun Q. Yu M. Yao S. He X. Dong F. Yao (&) J. Li (&) School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China e-mail: [email protected] J. Li e-mail: [email protected]
F. Yao J. Li Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China F. Yao School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
H. Zhang Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Hydrogel Strain sensor Physical crosslinking High mechanical strength Cellulose
Introduction Flexible and stretchable strain sensors, which can convert mechanical deformation (such as stretching, compression, bending or twist
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