Dynamic recrystallization model of the Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag alloy under hot deformation
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A. Volinskyb) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620, USA
Xiaohong Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Huili Sun School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Province, Luoyang 471003, China
Zhe Chai School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; and School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Ping Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Yong Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Province, Luoyang 471003, China (Received 29 January 2016; accepted 21 March 2016)
Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of the Cu–Cr–Zr–Ag alloy were studied by hot compressive tests in the 650–950 °C temperature and 0.001–10 s1 strain rate ranges using Gleeble-1500D thermomechanical simulator. The activation energy of deformation was determined as Q 5 343.23 kJ/mol by the regression analysis. The critical conditions, including the critical strain and stress, for the occurrence of DRX were determined based on the alloy strain hardening rate. The critical strain related to the onset of DRX decreases with temperature. The ratios of the critical to peak stress and critical to peak strain were also identified as 0.91 and 0.49, respectively. The evolution of DRX microstructure strongly depends on the deformation conditions in terms of temperature and strain rate. Dislocation generation and multiplication are the main hot deformation mechanisms for the alloy. The addition of Ag can refine the grain and effectively improve the DRX of the Cu–Cr–Zr alloy. It can also inhibit the growth of the DRX grains at 950 °C deformation temperature, making the microstructure much more stable.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cu–Cr–Zr alloys have been widely used for many electrical applications, such as integrated circuit lead frame materials, diverter target materials and railway contact wires due to their high strength, outstanding Contributing Editor: Jürgen Eckert Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.140 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 31, No. 9, May 14, 2016
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electrical properties, thermal conductivity, excellent fatigue resistance, and formability.1–3 Multiple studies have been carried out on the Cu–Cr–Zr alloys, and most of them focused on improving physical and mechanical properties, such as ductility, thermal stability,
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