Dynamics of Rising Bubbles in a Quiescent Slag Bath with Varying Thermo-Physical Properties
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THE design and control of several metallurgical processing operations involve the knowledge and application of multiphase fluid mechanics, almost always linked to heat and mass transfer phenomena. It is precisely to boost these transfer processes that bubbling flows are realized in various reactors, with the aim of increasing the interfacial area between the gas and liquid phases. Examples include desulfuration and decarbonization processes in the ladle steel metallurgy, or pyrometallurgical operations, such as the primary smelting in Top Submerged Lance (TSL) furnaces and
D. OBISO and D.H. SCHWITALLA are with the CIC VIRTUHCON, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Fuchsmuhlenweg 9, 09599 Freiberg, Germany. Contact e-mail: [email protected]. I. KOROBEINIKOV is with the Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 34, 09599 Freiberg, Germany. B. MEYER and A. RICHTER are with the Chair of Energy Process Engineering and Thermal Waste Treatment, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Fuchsmuhlenweg 9, 09599, Freiberg, Germany. Contact e-mail: [email protected]. M. REUTER is with the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Chemnitzer Strabe 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany. Manuscript submitted May 6, 2020.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
secondary matte and slag conversion with bottom-, side-, and top-blown vessels. The motion of gas bubbles in liquid media is a key aspect of these processes, directly affecting design, operation, and productivity. This deep level of knowledge is nowadays required for a full understanding of metallurgical operations and the viability of a circular economy system in the metals market. Thermo-fluid dynamics, together with thermodynamic and kinetic studies, process simulation, and plant optimization, is indeed part of the technical tools needed to optimize metallurgical processes and evaluate their resource efficiency.[1,2] Because of its relevance in energy and process engineering, the fluid dynamics of rising bubbles have been widely studied for decades.[3,4] Early investigations can be found in the work of Haberman and Morton,[5] who experimentally investigated the dynamics of rising bubbles in various liquids, ranging from water to oils or syrup. For each system studied, a drag correlation was proposed as a function of the Reynolds number. The results, categorized in terms of the bubble terminal velocity, path, and shape, offer a broad and detailed overview of bubble dynamics. An important piece of research was carried out by Bhaga and Weber,[6,7] who experimentally determined the dynamics of bubbles rising in viscous liquids, studying the shapes, terminal velocities, and wake development. At present, this
pioneering work represents the main valuable reference source for such flows and a well-established benchmark test case for the validation of numerical solutions. The bubble analysis is based on images taken with a camera moving at the same bubble rising velocity. The properties of the liquid w
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