Early Life History of Fish An energetics approach
Among the fishes, a remarkably wide range of biological adaptations to diverse habitats has evolved. As well as living in the conventional habitats of lakes, ponds, rivers, rock pools and the open sea, fish have solved the problems of life in deserts, in
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Barly Life History of Fish An energetics approach EwaKamler Institute of Ecology, Polish Academy of Sciences Dziekan6w Lesny, 05-092 Lomianki, Poland
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
First edition 1992
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hali in 1992 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1992 Typeset in 1Oj12pt Photina by Interprint Limited. Malta ISBN 978-94-010-5026-5 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study. or criticism or review. as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act. 1988. this publication may not be reproduced. stored. or transmitted. in any form or by any means. without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. with the exception of Polish language rights. or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the Iicences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK. or in accordance with the terms of Iicences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation. express or implied. with regard to the accuracy ofthe information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or Iiability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Kamler. Ewa. 1937Early life history of fish: an energetics approachjEwa Kamler. -lst ed. p. cm. - (Chapman & Hali fish and fisheries series; 4) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-94-010-5026-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2324-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2324-2 1. Fishes-Development.2. Fishes-Larvae.3. Fishes--Food. 4. Bioenergetics. I. Tide. II. Series: Fish and fisheries series; 4. QL639.25.K361991 91-15371 597'.03-dc20 CIP
This work is dedicated to ]acek who tolerated my devotion to baby fish and helped me to rear our sons
Contents Page Acknowledgements Series foreword T. J. Pitcher Symbols and abbreviations
ix
xi xiii
1
Introduction
1
2
Gonad formation
3
2.1 2.2
3 7
3
Seasonal changes of main constituents Reproductive effort
Characteristics of fish reproductive products
31
Energy content and composition of mature eggs
31
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
31 49 58 81 84
Egg size Caloric value of egg dry matter Egg composition Methodological remarks Concluding remarks
Factors affecting fish offspring
3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 4
5
Genetic factors Nongenetic internal factors Biotic external factors Abiotic external factors Effect of egg quality on fish offspring
85 85 87 93 96 101
Endogenous feeding period
107
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
107 125 130 144 161
Development Yolk absorption Body growth Metabolism Budgets of energy or matter
Mixed feeding period
176
5.1
176
General remarks
viii
Contents
5.2 6
7
Critical periods in fish early life
179
Early exog
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