Early development, life history and ecological habits of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding
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Early development, life history and ecological habits of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding Yuanyuan Ding1†, Yao Bian1†, Huina Wang1, Jing Liu1, Jingrui Li1, Hongwei Wang1* 1 College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, China
Received 23 August 2019; accepted 20 April 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
As the largest genus of Halymeniaceae, Grateloupia has been widely reported. Here, we observed the life history and early development of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding and investigated the effects of temperature, irradiance, and photoperiod on the discoid crust and sporeling development of G. constricata under laboratory conditions. We observed that the type of carpospore development was “mediate discal type”. The life history included homotypic gametophyte (haploid), carposporophyte (diploid), and tetrasporophyte (diploid), with typical isomorphic alternation of generations. The results of double factorial analysis showed that both single factorial effects and interaction among temperature, photoperiod, and irradiance were obviously significant on the discoid crust and sporeling development. Furthermore, we found that the optimum combination of condition for the early growth and development of G. constricata was temperature 20°C, irradiance 80 μmol photons/(m2·s) and photoperiod 16L:8D. This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the conservation of the Grateloupia germplasm, artificial breeding, large-scale cultivation and sustainable development. Key words: carpospore, life history, alternation of generations, temperature, irradiance, photoperiod Citation: Ding Yuanyuan, Bian Yao, Wang Huina, Liu Jing, Li Jingrui, Wang Hongwei. 2020. Early development, life history and ecological habits of Grateloupia constricata Li et Ding. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(10): 155–161, doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1662-5
1 Introduction The marine alga Grateloupia constricata (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) was identified as a new species based on the morphological and reproductive structure characteristics of female gametophytes collected by Weixin Li from Qingdao, Shandong Province, China in June 1984 (Xia et al., 2004). The morphology of G. constricata is distinctive. The thalli are upright, clustered, purplish red, up to 5–10 cm high and 1–1.5 cm wide with pinnately branched 1–2 orders. Abundant branches are opposite, alternate or partial with stick or long cones, usually constricted or tapered at the base. There is a disciform holdfast at the bottom of the algae for adsorbing on rock or shellfish (Fig. 1). As a typical intertidal alga, G. constricata grows on the rocks in the high and medium tidal zones and matures in August (Xia et al., 2004). Grateloupia constricata is an important economic species which has not been artificially cultivated, probably because the life history and ecological habit are still unknown (Fang et al., 2011). In this study, we observed the life history, especially the early develop
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