Earthquake Early Warning Systems
During the past few decades, economic losses and human casualties due to natural disasters increased exponentially on our planet, mainly because of the increased density of population and industry in high hazard areas. Although the prediction of earthquak
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Paolo Gasparini Gaetano Manfredi Jochen Zschau (Editors)
Earthquake Early Warning Systems
With 153 Figures
PROF. PAOLO GASPARINI University of Napoli Department of Physics Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy E-Mail: [email protected] PROF. GAETANO MANFREDI University of Napoli Department of Structural Engineering Via Claudio 21 80125 Napoli Italy E-Mail: [email protected] PROF. DR. JOCHEN ZSCHAU GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Telegrafenberg E 425 14473 Potsdam Germany E-Mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007925906 ISBN-13
978-3-540-72240-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
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Preface In the last few decades economic losses due to natural disasters have increased exponentially worldwide and little progress has been seen in reducing their rate of fatalities. This also holds for earthquake disasters and is mainly due to increasing population and industrial density in high hazard and vulnerability areas. Although the prediction of earthquakes is not yet practicable, current technology allows prompt identification of the onset of any dangerous seismic event. Hence early warning and rapid disaster information systems are becoming important means for strengthening prevention and social resilience against the adverse effects of major natural events and should therefore become the keystones of disaster mitigation. The term early warning is now widely used with various meanings in scientific, economic and sociological communities. Even in the scientific world the term is used in slightly different ways although there is a growing consensus in defining early warning as all the action that can be taken during the lead time of a catastrophic event. The lead time is defined as the time elapsing between the moment when the occurrence of a catastrophic event in a given p
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