LandAware: a new international network on Landslide Early Warning Systems
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M. Calvello I G. Devoli I K. Freeborough I S. L. Gariano I F. Guzzetti I D. Kirschbaum I H. Nakaya I J. Robbins I M. Stähli
LandAware: a new international network on Landslide Early Warning Systems
Background Early Warning Systems (EWS) are important non-structural mitigation measures designed and used to avoid and/or minimize the impact posed by hazards on humans. They are often a costeffective mitigation measure to adopt, and sometimes they are the only suitable option to manage the risk posed by natural hazards (Glade and Nadim 2014). UNISDR (2009) defines EWSs as a “set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.” Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS) are specifically designed to monitor, forecast, and analyze conditions that could trigger one or more landslides, at a scale (local, regional, national, global) defined by system managers. The aim is, as for any EWS, saving human lives by issuing timely warnings and/or initiating other appropriate landslide risk mitigation actions. The design, implementation, management, and validation of LEWS are topics that are drawing increasing attention in the scientific and technical literature (e.g., Intrieri et al. 2013; Stähli et al. 2015; Fathani et al. 2016; Sättele et al. 2016; Calvello 2017; Piciullo et al. 2018; Pecoraro et al. 2019; Guzzetti et al. 2020), highlighting several theoretical and practical complexities. Many recent international initiatives have been highlighting the importance of EWSs for disaster risk reduction purposes. The European Climate Adaptation Platform (http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/) states “Early warning systems can enhance the preparedness of decision-makers and private individuals for climate-related natural hazards and their readiness to harness favourable weather conditions.” Goal no. 13 “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts” of UN Agenda 2030 for sustainable development (http:// sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld) includes “Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.” One of the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (UNISDR 2015) is “substantially increase the availability of and access to multihazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030.” Concerning landslides, the important role played by LEWSs has been highlighted by the ISDR-ICL Sendai Partnership 2015–2025 (https://wlf5.iplhq.org/isdr-icl-sendai-partnerships-2015-2025/) and, more recently, by the Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk KLC2020 (Sassa 2019; Sassa 2020), in particular within the priority action no. 1 “People centered early warning,” and the priority
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