Ecological dynamics of a peri-urban lake: a multi-proxy paleolimnological study of Cultus Lake (British Columbia) over t

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Ecological dynamics of a peri-urban lake: a multi-proxy paleolimnological study of Cultus Lake (British Columbia) over the past ~ 200 years Joanna Gauthier . Irene Gregory-Eaves . Lynda Bunting . Peter R. Leavitt . Tanya Tran . Lyse Godbout . Bruce P. Finney . Daniel E. Schindler . Guangjie Chen . Gordon Holtgrieve . Mark Shapley . Daniel T. Selbie

Received: 17 January 2019 / Accepted: 23 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract Peri-urban lakes offer many valued ecosystem services, but their vulnerability to climate change and anthropogenic disturbances increases with increasing human populations the effects and interactions of multiple stressors on lakes can lead to unexpected outcomes, affecting societal and ecological values, it is necessary to evaluate ecosystem trajectories and respective drivers in peri-urban lakes. Better management practices could thus be applied to preserve ecosystem services of peri-urban lakes. We Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-020-00147-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

conducted a multi-proxy paleolimnological study on Cultus Lake, British Columbia, a Canadian peri-urban lake experiencing cultural eutrophication, to reconstruct a comprehensive ecological trajectory of the lake over the past * 200 years. We also integrated historical data as well as historical archival information to identify the potential drivers of the changes. We identified ca. 1800–1900 CE as a reference period, reflected in muted variations across most paleoindicators. Minor increases in sedimentary d15N ca. 1880–1940 CE coincided with the onset of anthropogenic modifications to the Cultus Lake watershed. Signs of early eutrophication were evident by ca. 1940 CE, as indicated by increases in all sedimentary

J. Gauthier (&)  I. Gregory-Eaves  T. Tran Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Av. du Docteur-Penfield, Montre´al, QC H3A 1B1, Canada e-mail: [email protected]

B. P. Finney Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Ave., Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA

L. Bunting  P. R. Leavitt Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada

B. P. Finney  M. Shapley Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Ave., Pocatello, ID 83209, USA

P. R. Leavitt Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Antrim BT9 5DL, UK L. Godbout Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Salmon and Freshwater Ecosystems Division, Science Branch, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9R 6N7, Canada

D. E. Schindler  G. Holtgrieve School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA G. Chen School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, 768 Juxian St, Chenggong, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China

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J Paleolimnol

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