The ecological state of Boyuk Shor lake of Azerbaijan
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The ecological state of Boyuk Shor lake of Azerbaijan Sevinj Hajiyeva & Tarana Aliyeva & Mahluga Yusifova
Received: 11 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The article is devoted to the pollution problems and the identification of the main sources of pollution of Boyuk Shor lake of the Absheron Peninsula under the ever-increasing rate of industrial development and urbanization. The purpose of the research was to determine the current ecological state of Boyuk Shor lake and adjacent territories. For this purpose, in June– August 2018, 36 samples were taken for analysis from water, bottom sediments of the lake, and soils of adjacent territories. The laboratory analysis revealed a high content of total hydrocarbons, toxic metals (Cd, Co, Hg, Cu), suspended solids, and other pollutants in the lake water samples. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the lake are presented. The number of suspended particles in water samples was found to be more than 27–250 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration, and the amount of Hg is 180–286 times, Cd is 1– 3.3 times, Cu is 1.7–4.8 times, and Co is 1.5–2.4 times higher than MPC. The heavy metal pollution of the soil and the taxonomic composition of the mesofauna of the surrounding area of Boyuk Shor lake were also studied. It was found that the composition of the group of soil invertebrates is very scarce, consisting only of insects (Arthropoda) (85.7%) and mollusks (Mollusca) (14.3%). The research results showed that the longterm negative impact has led to a violation of the ecological balance of the lake; it has lost its natural qualities, S. Hajiyeva : T. Aliyeva : M. Yusifova (*) Faculty of Ecology and Soil Science, Baku State University, AZ 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan e-mail: [email protected]
has become unsuitable for the flora and fauna of the lake and the surrounding area, and needs thorough cleaning and restoration. Keywords Industrial effluents . Heavy metals . Mesofauna . Sediment pollution . Wastewater
Introduction The rapid development of all industries, energy, transp or t , p op ula t i o n g r o w t h , u r b an i za t i o n, an d chemicalization have led to certain adverse changes in the environment. Recently, due to the problem of pollution of the natural environment by products of technogenesis, the object of close attention of environmental monitoring has become the pollution of reservoirs with heavy metals, hydrocarbons, surfactants, and other pollutants. This increases the role and importance of environmental research, which should not only assess and predict the environmental consequences of water quality violations but also develop new methods of approach to optimize processes in natural reservoirs. Thanks to its natural resources, the Absheron Peninsula is one of the famous regions of the world where for many centuries a huge amount of hydrocarbons has been extracted. The peninsula occupies more than 2000 km2 on the western coast of the Caspian Sea, in the eastern part of the Republic
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