Ecological Water Rights of the Bosten Lake Wetlands in Xinjiang, China
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WETLANDS RESTORATION
Ecological Water Rights of the Bosten Lake Wetlands in Xinjiang, China Zhaoxia Ye 1
&
Yuhai Yang 1 & Honghua Zhou 1 & Bin Guo 2
Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2020
Abstract This paper took the Bosten Lake wetlands as the research object. From the perspective of actual water consumption, the minimum, suitable, and maximum ecological water demand were calculated. It was found that: 1) in a moderate year (P = 50%), the minimum, suitable and maximum ecological water demand was 105,336.5 × 104 m3, 116,835.3 × 104 m3 and 126,051.9 × 104 m3, respectively; 2) in a general dry year (P = 75%), the minimum, suitable and maximum ecological water demand was 102,384.8 × 104 m3, 113,633.5 × 104 m3 and 122,649.6 × 104 m3, respectively; and 3) in a special dry year (P = 95%), the minimum, suitable, and maximum ecological water demand was 98,822.4 × 104 m3, 109,667 × 104 m3 and 118,359.1 × 104 m3, respectively. The values of ecological water demand of the Bosten Lake wetlands gradually decreased from a moderate year to a special dry year. The results showed that the amount of ecological initial water rights of the Bosten Lake wetlands was 190,022 × 104 m3 in a moderate year, 165,990 × 104 m3 in a general dry year and 133,199 × 104 m3 in a special dry year. All the ecological initial water rights with different guarantee rates were larger than the suitable ecological water demand with the same guarantee rates. Keywords Bosten Lake wetlands . Ecological water demand . Ecological water rights . Ecological compensation
Introduction In the arid and semi-arid regions of west China, water resources management has become an increasingly pressing issue (Paturel et al. 2007). Most inland river basins in such regions suffered markedly ecological degradations and vegetation losses (Bronster et al. 2000; Jing and Chen 2011). Due to the special climate conditions, the region’s ecological environment was vulnerable to the influence of human factors and natural factors, and was occasionally subject to devastation. In particular, the ecological environment in arid and semi-arid Zhaoxia Ye and Yuhai Yang contributed equally to this work. Co-first author: Yuhai Yang Corresponding author: Honghua Zhou * Honghua Zhou [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2
College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China
regions was highly dependent on water. Because of the rapid development of the social economy, the water consumption in the social economy has increased significantly, which greatly reduced the water consumption in the ecological environment, leading to a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as the rapid decline of the underground water table (Ye et al. 2009), natural vegetation decay (Chen et al. 2008; Ye et al. 2010), increase
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