Economic development trends in the EU tourism industry. Towards the digitalization process and sustainability
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Economic development trends in the EU tourism industry. Towards the digitalization process and sustainability Beata Zofia Filipiak1 · Marek Dylewski2 · Marcin Kalinowski3 Accepted: 10 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract From an economic viewpoint, tourism is heralded as bringing income to local communities. From an ecological standpoint, tourism poses a threat to environments. Sustainable tourism should leave a minimum negative impact on the places visited and preferably have rather positive impact on society. The digitization of the tourism economy is conducive to increasing the efficiency of enterprises operations, but also have positive impact on consumers. The objectives of the study are: to seek an answer to the question whether there is a relationship between the development of the tourism industry and GDP growth. Based on it there are two specific questions: What is a relationship between the level of development of digitization (e-commerce) and the development of the tourism industry and what is a relationship between the development of the tourism industry and sustainability factors? The originality of our research results among others results from three groups of variables use in the analysis (ICT group, SDG group and E&T group). Our research explores the factors affecting the tourism industry and relations of the digitization of tourism economy, sustainability and economy growth. Keywords Sustainability · Economic and financial development · Digitalization · Tourism JEL Classifications G 30 · L 83 · L89
* Marcin Kalinowski [email protected] Beata Zofia Filipiak [email protected] Marek Dylewski [email protected] 1
Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
2
WSB University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
3
WSB University in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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1 Introduction Digital transformation, as the integration of digital technology into the tourism industry (which includes all businesses that directly provide goods or services to facilitate business, pleasure and leisure activities away from the home environment), results in fundamental changes in the way the world does business, communicates and develops on national and international levels. Customer habits are also changing along with breakthroughs in technology (Hojeghan and Esfangareh 2011) ( Fereidouni and Kawa 2019). Digitization offers many new opportunities that can be exploited by providers in the tourism industry. At the same time, competition is intensifying and companies have to keep pace with digitization in order to remain on the same level. The development of ICT technology over the last decades has dramatically affected the tourism sector, insofar as the accelerated connection of technologies and tourism in recent years has led to necessary changes in the understanding of the nature of tourism, and requires continuous research and analysis of how digitization affects the economic growth of enterprises in the tourism industry.
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