Economics of Clusters A Brief History of Cluster Theories and Policy
‘Jérôme gives us cues about what future research should address – first, why successful and wealthy clusters can also be places of poverty, social exclusion and rising inequality, and second, what policies are best to prevent this from happening.’ —Elisa
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Jérôme Vicente
Economics of Clusters
Jérôme Vicente
Economics of Clusters A Brief History of Cluster Theories and Policy
Jérôme Vicente LEREPS, Sciences-Po University of Toulouse Toulouse, France
Based on a translation from the French language edition: Économie des clusters by Jérôme Vicente Copyright © Éditions La Découverte, Paris 2016 All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-3-319-78869-2 ISBN 978-3-319-78870-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78870-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018938402 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Détail de la Tour Eiffel © nemesis2207/Fotolia.co.uk Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
I met Jérôme for the first time in 2006 sitting in his ‘Economie de la Connaissance’ class at the University of Toulouse. Like his other students, I was dumbfounded to learn about how much the economy clusters and why. Why—in a world ruled by digital technologies—do companies and individuals agglomerate in these industrial or technological clusters? Jérôme has many stories to tell about that. He also provided more than answers to this paradox; he opened up new questions that shaped my academic life. I envy you for reading this book and discovering these stories too. Travelling back and forth between the Victorian industrial districts described by Marshall and the modern Silicon Valley, a key insight of the book is that individuals and companies move to get access to knowledge. This knowledge is very valuable, and it seems that it does not travel easily. But referring to his early work with his friend Raphael Suire and
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