Ecophysiological and biochemical events associated with the challenge of Verticillium dahliae to eggplant
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Ecophysiological and biochemical events associated with the challenge of Verticillium dahliae to eggplant C. Pisuttu & E. Pellegrini & L. Cotrozzi & C. Nali & G. Lorenzini
Accepted: 29 September 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) is a soil-borne pathogen able to cause yield losses in eggplant, Solanum melongena L., one of the most important vegetable crops in the Mediterranean basin. In this study, an experiment was conducted to assess physiological and biochemical mechanisms modulating the interactions between S. melongena cv. Violetta di Rimini and V. dahliae strain VdGL16 in leaves at different age (mature, intermediate and young; ML, IL and YL) up to 25 days post artificial root inoculation (dpi). At 8 dpi, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02122-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. Pisuttu : E. Pellegrini : L. Cotrozzi : C. Nali : G. Lorenzini Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
C. Pisuttu e-mail: [email protected] E. Pellegrini e-mail: [email protected]
infected ML showed a marked reduction of photosynthetic rate (4-fold lower than controls) associated with stomatal (reduced stomatal conductance) and mesophyll (concomitant increase of intercellular CO2 concentration) limitations. Cell membrane integrity was compromised, and phylloptosis/death occurred. At 8 and 18 dpi, stomatal closure (−40 and − 53%, respectively) and biochemical alterations occurred in IL. At 18 dpi, the consumption of secondary metabolites suggested that antioxidant- and antimicrobial-defence responses were activated. However, photoinhibition, oxidative stress and water deficit were observed at the end of the experiment. These mechanisms were observed also in YL, as confirmed by the strong increase of tannins (+46%) followed by accumulation of other phenylpropanoids. Despite plant growth being maintained, reduction of leaf area and water deficit occurred. This study highlights the capacity of eggplant to activate dynamic biochemical mechanisms in response to fungal infection, even in susceptible genotypes, a starting point for comparisons with resistant material for selection. Keywords Antioxidant . Photosynthesis . Secondary metabolites . Solanum melongena L. . Wilt disease
L. Cotrozzi e-mail: [email protected] G. Lorenzini e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
E. Pellegrini : C. Nali (*) : G. Lorenzini Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
Verticillium dahliae (Vd) Kleb. is a worldwide destructive soil-borne plant pathogen that causes vascular disease and is the primary causal agent of destructive wilt in temperate and subtropical climates (Pegg and Brady
Eur J Plant Pathol
2002). This fungus shows great genetic plasticity and is able to infect more than 4
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