Effect of ACQ treatment on surface quality and bonding performance of four Malaysian hardwoods and cross laminated timbe
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ORIGINAL
Effect of ACQ treatment on surface quality and bonding performance of four Malaysian hardwoods and cross laminated timber (CLT) Nur Amira Adnan1 · Paridah Md Tahir1 · Hamdan Husain2 · Seng Hua Lee1,3 · Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup2 · Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip2 · Zaidon Ashaari3 Received: 1 December 2019 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the effects of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) treatment on the surface quality and bonding performance of four Malaysian hardwood species, namely batai, sesenduk, rubberwood and kedondong. The samples were impregnated with 2% ACQ preservatives and bonded with phenol-resorcinol–formaldehyde resin for cross laminated timber (CLT) fabrication. The changes in density and the retention of both ACQ and copper after the treatment were recorded. Surface roughness and wettability of both treated and untreated samples were measured. Block shear and delamination tests were performed to evaluate the bond-line strength of CLT. The study revealed that the average surface roughness (Ra) of each species increased significantly. Wettability of batai, sesenduk, rubberwood and kedondong was significantly higher than that of the untreated samples suggesting an improvement in surface wettability. For single-species CLT, treated rubberwood has the highest shear strength followed by kedondong, sesenduk and batai with values of 9.53 N/mm2, 6.00 N/mm2, 5.68 N/mm2 and 4.19 N/mm2, respectively. While for mixed-species CLT, the combination of ACQ-treated rubberwood-sesenduk-rubberwood has the highest block shear strength with a value of 8.05 N/mm2. No delamination was observed from all samples. ACQ treatment was found to not affect the block shear strength significantly. Therefore, ACQ preservatives can be used to produce CLT with good bonding performance.
1 Introduction A shift in interest from forest hardwoods towards fastgrowing planted hardwood is getting much attention from researchers in Malaysia (Ong 2018). Batai, sesenduk, rubberwood and kedondong are Malaysia’s hardwood species that are categorised as relatively fast-growing species. The availability of these species and its fast growth rates created the opportunity to explore the strength and potential uses (Zaidon 2017). Cross-laminated timber, also known as * Paridah Md Tahir [email protected] * Seng Hua Lee [email protected] 1
Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Jalan Asam Jawa, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
CLT, is a prefabricated multilayer engineered wood product that consists of structural panels made up of several layers of crosswise stacked boards and glued together on their faces (Dugmore et al. 2019). The development of CLT from tropical hardwoo
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