Effect of Addition of Other Acids into Butyric Acid on Selective Leaching of Zinc from Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Filter C
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IN the iron and steel industry, significant amounts of dusts are generated every day. Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) dusts are waste oxide materials with iron oxides as the major components, containing 50 to 75 pct of iron. They are valuable secondary iron resources.[1–3] Yet, the zinc content in the wastes is problematic for the recycling, so the wastes are generally deposited in landfills.[4–6] Due to the presence of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Mn, steelmaking dusts are categorized as hazardous wastes, and the landfill can be a potential hazard to the surrounding environment and threaten people’s health.[7–9] While considering the two options—by decreasing the contents of the above heavy metals or by recycling the waste back into the steelmaking process—the latter is preferred because of the desired
JINGXIU WANG and GUANGQING ZHANG are with the School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ZHE WANG is with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ZHONGZHI ZHANG is with the State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China. Manuscript submitted November 11, 2018. Article published online April 1, 2019. 1378—VOLUME 50B, JUNE 2019
iron resource. Thus, the recycling of steelmaking dusts has become an important issue due to ever-tightening environmental regulations.[10] Methods for processing steelmaking dusts are pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, or a combination of both.[11–13] Hydrometallurgy is more advantageous in terms of process economy and the environment.[14–17] Among hydrometallurgical methods, organic acids are common and inexpensive raw materials, generating low toxic wastes, less concentrated solutions, and recycling of solution.[18,19] Although there are numerous studies on the leaching of zinc using mineral acids like sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids, these are generally less selective and result in the issue of secondary waste.[4,9,12,17] Therefore, organic acids are suitable lixiviates for selectively reducing the zinc content from metallurgical wastes to enable the recycling of the latter. Butyric acid (CH3CH2CH2COOH), as a 4-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is known to have many applications in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. It was demonstrated in our previous studies that butyric acid was selective in leaching zinc over iron from the BOS filter cake, whereas similar carboxylic acids like acetic acid and propionic acid do not show as good selectivity as butyric acid, although they are cheaper acids.[19] Currently butyric acid is mainly produced by the oxidation of butyraldehyde, obtained from propylene by oxosynthesis.[20] The production of butyric acid by fermentation has become an increasingly attractive alternative to current petroleum-based chemical METALLURGICAL AND
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