Effect of Additives on the Nitrification-Denitrification Activities During Composting of Chicken Manure
In order to know their effect on composting, we added ligno-cellulosic waste, microbial additive, or Yucca juice to chicken manure piles, which were composted in 2 m3, temperature and air flux-controlled bins. The nitrification/denitrification activity du
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Introduction In Europe, more than 80% of ammonia emissions are of agricultural origin (Asman 1992) and, of these, 95% come from animal waste (Buijsman et a1. 1987), poultry breeding contributing 21% of these (Bline and Aubert 1998). Modem agriculture is also responsible for 50% of the emissions ofCH4 (Husted 1994) and for a significant share ofNzO (Mariotti 1997), both greenhouse gases. Chicken manure is intensively produced in Europe. Composting is seen as a promising method of stabilizing chicken manure (Aubert and Guiziou 1997; Aubert 1998; Elwell et a1. 1998). However, before composting of this manure is done on a large scale, it is necessary to ensure that the nitrogen is not transferred into an equally harmful gaseous form.
IUMR 6553, CNRS/Universite de Rennes I, 35380 Paimpont, France 2INRA, Bioclimatologie, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France 3ITAVI, Zoopole Beaucemaine, BP 37, 22440 Ploufragan, France H. Insam, N. Riddech, S. Klammer (Eds.) Microbiology of Composting © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002
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The transformation of nitrogen and the synthesis of nitrous oxide by nitrification/denitrification are linked to physical, chemical and biological factors. The purpose of this chapter is to determine ifthere are significant differences in nitrification/denitrification activities during composting of chicken manure given various conditions. These varying conditions include the use of additives such as ligno-cellulosic waste, Yucca juice and a microbial preparation. The piles also differ, as some are static piles, while others are aerated through turnings.
Material and Methods
Substrates
The chicken manure used in the experiments was obtained from commercial broiler buildings. The manure used in expo 1 was either 35 or 50% dry matter (DM), depending on where it was collected in the band. The manure in experiment 2 had a DM content of 75%. Ligno-cellulosic waste was a mixture of wood shavings and sawdust. The firm COBIOTEX provided the microbial additive, which was fixed on a calcareous substratum. Yucca schidigera juice, containing 16.8% saponines, was supplied by the firm INOBIO. Piles
In expo 1, two static piles of manure were composted for 6 weeks, one at 50% water content (el), and one at 65% water content (MA). The MA pile was spiked with the microbial additive. Two aerated piles (turned twice) were brought to 65% water content and composted for 6 weeks, one without additive (T), and one with a ligno-cellulosic waste additive (TL WI). The ligno-cellulosic waste included oak shavings (50% of the pile in volume) and sawdust (50% wood in dry mass of the pile ). In experiment 2, a control static pile was also composted, but this time with chicken manure at 25% water content (C2). Again as in expo 1, an aerated pile with ligno-cellulosic waste was composted. However, this pile (TLW2) had a slightly different ratio of manure and waste (oak shavings and sawdust making up 50% of the pile in carbon mass), and was turned only once. Pile MA from expo 1 continued without being disturbed,
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