Composting pig manure and sawdust with urease inhibitor: succession of nitrogen functional genes and bacterial community
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Composting pig manure and sawdust with urease inhibitor: succession of nitrogen functional genes and bacterial community Jishao Jiang 1 & Yang Wang 1 & Fengqi Guo 1 & Xiaofang Zhang 1 & Wei Dong 1 & Xindan Zhang 1 & Xin Zhang 1 & Chunyan Zhang 1 & Ke Cheng 1 & Yunbei Li 1 & Guifen Zhu 1 Received: 18 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Understanding the relationship between nitrogen (N) cycle and N transformation-related functional genes is crucial to reduce N loss during composting process. Urease inhibitor (UI) is widely used to reduce N loss in agriculture. However, the effects of UI on N transformation and related N functional genes during composting have not been well investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of a urease inhibitor (UI) on N functional genes and bacterial community succession during pig manure composting. Results showed that the addition of UI decreased the ammonium N content during the thermophilic stage and notably increased the total N and nitrite N contents of the final compost. The UI significantly decreased the abundances of amoA, nirS, nirK, and nosZ during the initial composting stage, while the opposite trend was observed at the maturation stage. Bacterial community richness and diversity were increased after the UI amendment, but the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria significantly decreased compared with control during the thermophilic stage. Redundancy analysis indicated that the evaluated environmental factors and bacterial community showed a cumulative 94.7% contribution to the total variation in N functional genes. In summary, UI addition is a recommended method for N conservation during composting, but the added forms of UI, such as delayed addition, combined with adsorbing materials, or microorganism inoculant, should be further evaluated. Keywords Composting . Urease inhibitor . N transformation . N functional genes . Bacterial community
Introduction Composting is considered to be an economical, environmentally friendly and potentially sustainable means of transforming organic solid waste into stable humus-like end products (Bernal et al., 2009). The resulting products can be applied to soil and supply nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium, for the growth of crops (Jiang et al., 2019a). However, the N loss via Responsible editor: Diane Purchase * Jishao Jiang [email protected] * Guifen Zhu [email protected] 1
School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, People’s Republic of China
the emission of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during the composting process is the primary factor limiting the development of composting at an industrial scale (Liu et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019a). During the composting process, these g
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