Effect of adiposity on insulin action after acute and chronic resistance exercise in non-diabetic women
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of adiposity on insulin action after acute and chronic resistance exercise in non-diabetic women Steven K. Malin • Kristi R. Hinnerichs • Brandon G. Echtenkamp • Tammy K. Evetovich Barbara J. Engebretsen
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Received: 15 January 2013 / Accepted: 6 September 2013 / Published online: 27 September 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Purpose Obesity may attenuate metabolic health improvements following lifestyle interventions. However, the effect of adiposity on insulin action following resistance exercise in young non-diabetic women is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adiposity attenuates improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (INS0–60/ GLC0–60) after both acute resistance exercise (ARE) and progressive training (PRT). Methods Twenty-six young non-diabetic women (21.2 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to control (C; n = 7; BF 40.1 ± 2.1 %) or exercise groups: normal body fat (NBF; n = 8; BF 29.9 ± 2.3 %) and high body fat (HBF; n = 12; BF 48.2 ± 1.4 %). Acute whole-body exercises were performed at 60 % of 1-RM for three sets of 8–12 repetitions, and PRT was performed 3 days/week for 7 weeks. A 75 g OGTT was conducted before and after ARE and PRT to estimate insulin sensitivity (Matsuda
index) and INS0–60/GLC0–60. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal model. Results ARE had no statistical effect on insulin action across groups. Strength and fat-free mass (via DXA) increased after PRT in both NBF and HBF (p \ 0.05), but only HBF women decreased BF (p \ 0.01). HBF women were less insulin sensitive at baseline compared to NBF women (p \ 0.05). Insulin sensitivity increased 95 % and INS0–60/GLC0–60 decreased 32 % following PRT in NBF, but not HBF or C (p \ 0.05). After training, enhanced insulin sensitivity was inversely related to decreased INS0–60/GLC0–60 (r = -0.71, p \ 0.001), fasting insulin (r = -0.71, p \ 0.001), and insulin AUC (r = -0.85, p \ 0.001). Conclusion Seven weeks of PRT increases insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NBF, but not HBF women. Obesity attenuates exerciseinduced improvements in glucose regulation in young nondiabetic women.
Communicated by Peter Krustrup.
Keywords Diabetes Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Weight lifting Glycemic control
S. K. Malin and K. R. Hinnerichs shared first author responsibilities. S. K. Malin Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Present Address: S. K. Malin Lerner Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA K. R. Hinnerichs B. G. Echtenkamp T. K. Evetovich B. J. Engebretsen (&) Human Performance Laboratory, Wayne State College, 1111 Main Street, Wayne, NE 68787, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Approximately 30 % of adults in the US are obese and are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Adiposity impairs glucose tolerance
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