Effect of Alloying Elements on Nano-ordered Wear Property of Magnesium Alloys
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MAGNESIUM and its alloys, which are the lightest among the conventional metallic materials, have been recognized as next-generation structural materials, because of their potential for weight reduction. When they have been used for structural components and parts, the wear behavior occurs against contact with others, without any relation to the scale, as represented by the applied force and contact area; hence, it is necessary to understand the wear property and its mechanism not only in large-scale but also small-scale situations. In the former case, using bulk magnesium and its alloys, many papers have reported the external effect on wear behaviors under conventional testing methods, e.g., the pin-on-disk and ball-on-disk configurations.[1–9] The wear property and its mechanism are influenced by applied loads and rotation speeds, which are the same as those of other metallic materials. The wear map of magnesium alloys has been developed based on the wear mechanism.[1] In addition to these
TAKAHIRO YAGI and TAKASHI MATSUOKA are with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan. TOMOKO HIRAYAMA is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, and also with PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Contact e-mail: [email protected] HIDETOSHI SOMEKAWA is with the Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Japan. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted September 7, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
external factors, it has been pointed out that several microstructural factors, such as the grain size, crystal orientation (texture), alloying element, and existence of particles, affect the wear behaviors.[10–25] In general, the wear property has a close relation to the dislocation slip; to put it simply, the prevention of dislocation slip activity is likely to increase the wear property. Thus, the wear property of magnesium is changed with the crystal orientation (basal plane distribution), because of the large difference in the critical resolved shear stress between basal and non-basal planes.[26–28] On the other hand, grain refinement, which is well known to be a method of controlling the microstructure in metallic materials,[29–32] has the opposite effect for magnesium alloys.[10,11] This mainly results from the occurrence of grain boundary softening, which is associated with grain boundary sliding (GBS).[2,10] Therefore, the prevention of GBS by coarsening the grain or adding alloying elements, such as the rare-earth element, is reported to effectively improve the wear property.[11,14,21] In the latter case, nanoindentation is one of the useful methods for evaluating small-scale mechanical properties and their mechanisms.[33] Although the reports about magnesium and its alloys using this method have limitations,[34–45] it is interesting to note that these prope
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