Effect of basicity and Al 2 O 3 on viscosity of ferronickel smelting slag
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of basicity and Al2O3 on viscosity of ferronickel smelting slag Yong-feng Chen1 • Xue-ming Lv2 • Zheng-de Pang3,4 • Xue-wei Lv3,4 Received: 10 October 2019 / Revised: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 Ó China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group 2020
Abstract The effect of the Al2O3 content and basicity (the molar ratio of MgO to SiO2) on the viscosity of a SiO2–MgO–FeO– Al2O3–CaO slag was studied to fully understand the smelting process of the ferronickel alloy. Experimental results show that the slag is a mixture of liquid and solid phases at the experimental temperature. The viscosity decreased as the basicity increased and increased as the Al2O3 content increased. To determine the effect of the Al2O3 content and basicity on the structure of the molten slag, Raman spectroscopy was performed on the slag sample, which was quenched from the high temperature with water. The Raman spectra showed that the fractions of the polymerization structural units decreased significantly as the basicity of the slag increased, resulting in a decrease in the apparent viscosity. However, Al2O3 acts as a network former in the slag system, thereby making the slag structure further polymerized and increasing the viscosity. Keywords Nickel laterite ore Slag structure Viscosity Basicity Ferronickel smelting slag
1 Introduction Nickel plays an important role in modern steel manufacturing [1]. It is an essential element in stainless steel, which accounts for 65% of the world’s nickel consumption [2–4]. In recent years, the global annual demand for nickel has increased tremendously due to increased stainless steel production, particularly in China [5]. Nickel sulfide and
& Xue-ming Lv [email protected] Yong-feng Chen [email protected] Zheng-de Pang [email protected] Xue-wei Lv [email protected] 1
Wuhu Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
2
Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
3
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
4
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
laterite ores are the two main resources for extracting nickel metal. With the continuous consumption of sulfide resources, the use of nickel laterite, which accounts for 70% of the nickel resources in the earth’s crust, has drawn increasing attention [6, 7]. China lacks nickel resources and has greatly depended on the import for a long period. The use of low-grade nickel laterite in China is regarded as the main solution to the increasing demand for ferronickel alloys. However, the extraction of nickel from nickel laterite ore is relatively difficult due to the low nickel grade, and nickel exists as an isomorphic substitution in serpentine or goethite [8]. The rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is the preferred technology for extracting nickel and iron from nickel laterite. Nevertheless
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