Effect of Bismuth Dopant on the Photocatalytic Properties of SrTiO 3 Under Solar Irradiation
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ORIGINALPAPER
Effect of Bismuth Dopant on the Photocatalytic Properties of SrTiO3 Under Solar Irradiation Carlos Rodriguez Garcia1 · Jorge Oliva2 · David Chávez1,3 · Briseida Esquivel1 · Christian Gómez‑Solís4 · Erika Martínez‑Sánchez5 · Arturo Isaias Mtz‑Enriquez6 Accepted: 9 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work presents the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of pure SrTiO3 (STO) and Bismuth doped STO. Several Bi doped samples were synthesized using Bi concentrations from 0.5 to 5 mol% and the sol-gel method. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, all the samples presented cubic phase. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the samples without dopant or with low Bi concentration (0 and 0.5 mol%) presented a quasi-spherical morphology. The sample doped with 1 mol% of Bi presented mainly a rod-like morphology, while the samples doped with 2 and 5 mol% showed a mixture of quasi-cubic particles and rod-like particles. The absorbance experiments demonstrated that the introduction of Bi in the STO host extended the light absorption in the visible region and decreased the band gap of STO. Both effects benefited the photocatalytic properties of STO:Bi powders. In fact, the photocatalytic evaluation of the STO and STO:Bi powders under natural solar light revealed that total degradation of methylene blue (MB) can be produced only by the sample doped with 1 mol%. Scavenger experiments were also carried out using teraphtalic acid and benzoquinone in order to figure out which oxidizing agent (OH· radicals or O2−) is producing the degradation of MB dye and found that the OH· radicals are the dominant agent. Since the STO:Bi powders can be activated by solar light for the photocatalytic degradation of MB, these powders could be a low cost option for the degradation of dyes in water treatment plants. Keywords Solar photocatalysis · SrTiO3 · Bismuth · Methylene blue · Degradation
1 Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01391-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The water pollution caused by the dyes disposed by the textile industry is currently causing health problems such as skin cancer and tumors in humans as well as mutagenic effect in plants [1–4]. Dyes are a group of complex organic materials that usually are poisonous; they are resistant to
* Carlos Rodriguez Garcia [email protected] * Jorge Oliva [email protected] 1
Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Prol. David Berlanga S/N Edif. A. unidad Camporedondo, 25000 Saltillo Coah, Mexico
2
Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Lomas 4ta Secc, 78216 San Luis, S. L. P, Mexico
3
Programa de Posgrado de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárden
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