Effect of bismuth on copper zinc ferrites for photocatalytic applications
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RESEARCH
Effect of bismuth on copper zinc ferrites for photocatalytic applications E. Arul 1,2 & K. Sivaji 2 & P. Manohar 3 Received: 22 October 2018 / Revised: 19 April 2019 / Accepted: 2 August 2019 # Australian Ceramic Society 2019
Abstract In the present work, copper zinc bismuth ferrites were synthesized and calcined at 900 °C and 1000 °C using combustion technique. The structure of synthesized material is studied using the X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of functional groups was determined by the FTIR analysis. Optical studies reveal the absorption and scattering of light by the magnetic nanoparticles; an enhancement of photocatalytic properties is observed. A surface analysis reveals that the nanoparticles possess homogeneous microstructure with uniform size and exhibit a cauliflower-like morphology. Using a room temperature VSM analysis, the saturation magnetization and coercivity were determined for calcined ferrites at 900 °C and 1000 °C and the variation with respect to temperature was discussed in detail. Keywords Nanomaterials . Ferrites . Magnetic properties . Optical studies
Introduction In recent years, nano ferrites have attracted a lot of attention for its various applications in medical diagnostics, ferrofluid technology, drug delivery, high-density information storage media, electronic devices, sensors technology, catalysts, and high microwave applications [1–11]. It is observed that certain features such as magnetic moments, the Neel temperature, the degree of the inversion, and the superexchange strengths can be altered by introducing different metal ions in the metal ferrites, which makes ferrites very attractive. In order to get the desired electrical and magnetic properties, different substitutions into soft ferrites have been incorporated using different metal ions [12, 13]. Some of the soft ferrites prepared from Cu and Zn possess excellent magnetic properties depending on the concentrations of Cu and Zn in the ferrites [14]. Several researchers reported the synthesis of Cu-Zn ferrites by various techniques. [15–18].
* E. Arul [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai 600004, India
2
Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
3
Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
Ferrites possess high resistivity and its resistivity that varies from 102 to 1010 Ωm which is about 15 orders of magnitude higher than that of iron [19]. In this, polycrystalline ferrites have received special attention due to their good magnetic properties and high electrical resistivity over a wide range of frequencies. Spinel-type ferrites are commonly used in many electronic and magnetic devices due to their high magnetic permeability and low magnetic losses [20, 21], and also used as electrode materials for high-temperature applications due to their high thermodynamic stability, electrical resistivity, electrolytic activity, and resistance to corrosion [22, 23]. The properties of ferrites ar
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