Effect of Carbon Nanotube Addition on Strength of Aluminum Welds Prepared by Ultrasound Welding
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INTRODUCTION
THE ultrasonic welding invented by Behl in 1943 has widespread application in the industry. Since 1950s, it has been used in the manufacture of electronics, food packing boxes, electrical appliances, high-quality component sealants, materials, etc.[1,2] Aluminum matrix composites, used in the airplane turbine engine, the rocket engine hot end part and automobile structures, have a high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and high wear resistance.[3,4] Because of the unique mechanical and physical properties multiwalled, carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been used to fabricate various composites.[5] Many researchers have investigated polymer and ceramic matrices, but in recent years, more and more groups are interested in metal matrices.[6,7] Bakshi et al.[8,9] prepared carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites that are stronger and have higher friction performance using plasma and cold-spraying methods. He et al.[10] reported CNT-reinforced Al composites fabricated using in situ chemical vapor deposition to achieve homogeneous CNT dispersion and good interfacial bonding between CNT and metallic matrices. Deng et al.[11] fabricated a 1.0 wt pct CNT-reinforced 2024Al matrix composite by cold isostatic pressing and hot extrusion techniques. Although the tensile strength and the Young’s modulus of the reinforced composite were markedly enhanced, the elongation did not decrease compared with the matrix material fabricated using the same process. Salimi et al.[12] adapted the accumulative roll-bonding method to fabricate a CNT-reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The nanotubes were ZHENGQIANG ZHU, Professor, and HAIBO MI, XIAOLONG WANG, CHENYANG XIE, and ZONGHUI WU, Graduate Students, are with School of Mechatronics Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted May 14, 2012. Article published online October 10, 2012. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
embedded into the metal matrix while maintaining their multiwalled structure. Lahiri et al.[13] explored the dual role of CNT in the strengthening mechanism in rollbonded Al-CNT composite. Roll-bonded Al-CNT composite showed very good interfacial bonding and strong reinforcement of CNTs in the matrix. However, all these above mentioned methods are complex, time consuming, and expensive. Currently, the ultrasonic welding method is the focus of many studies because of its many outstanding characteristics. Ultrasonic metal welding is a fast solid-state process, which is characterized by the low temperature (approximately 25 to 50 pct of the melting point of the metal), reduced energy consumption, and low pressure involved.[14] The ultrasonic welding process is shown in Figure 1. Kong et al.[15–18] used ultrasonic welding to embed thermally sensitive and easily damaged intolerant fibers (such as silicon carbide or SiC fibers) within aluminum matrix structures. Zhu et al.[14] analyzed the microstructure evolution of ultrasonic-welded AA6061 by electron backscattered diffraction. Siddiq et al.[
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