Effect of Ce Doping on the Magnetic Properties of NiFe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles
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O R I G I N A L PA P E R
Effect of Ce Doping on the Magnetic Properties of NiFe2 O4 Nanoparticles G. Dixit · P. Negi · J.P. Singh · R.C. Srivastava · H.M. Agrawal
Received: 7 November 2012 / Accepted: 30 November 2012 / Published online: 29 December 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract In the present work, effect of different concentration of Ce ions on the magnetic properties of nickel ferrite nanoparticles is discussed. A series of NiCex Fe2−x O4 (x = 0.0–0.10) samples were prepared by a chemical route. XRD patterns show that all the samples are in pure spinel phase except that with x = 0.10. This indicates that rare earth ions have limited solubility in the spinel lattice. Magnetic properties are studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and the results are explained in terms of a magnetic moment obtained by a vibrating sample magnetometer. Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed to have an idea about the distribution of ions between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Magnetic moment is found to decrease after doping with Ce ions. It was found that the samples show mixed spinel nature rather than the pure inverse character. Doping with Ce ions reduces the EPR linewidth of pure nickel ferrite, which indicates that eddy current losses are reduced. Keywords Nickel ferrite · EPR · XRD · Magnetic resonance
1 Introduction Systems with particle size in the nanometric scale expand their scope for use in device applications [1]. Ferrite nanomaterials exhibit interesting magnetic properties like high G. Dixit () Inter University Aceelerator Centre, 110067 New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] P. Negi · J.P. Singh · R.C. Srivastava · H.M. Agrawal G.B. Pant Univ. of Ag. & Technology, 263145 Pantnagar, India
mechanical hardness, high electrical resistivity, and chemical stability [2, 3]. The properties of ferrites are influenced by the distribution of metal atoms at the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) lattice positions, method of synthesis, and particle size [4]. It has been reported that electromagnetic properties of ferrites could be modified by substituting Fe3+ ions with the rare earth elements [5, 6]. Therefore, we are reporting here the effect of Ce ions on the magnetic behavior of nickel ferrite nanoparticles. Nickel ferrite is a typical soft ferromagnetic material, which crystallizes in inverse spinel structure with all the nickel ions located at the B site and the iron ions at both the A and B sites. It is a superior candidate for applications in telecommunications, transformers, aircraft, computer components, magnetic recording, microwave devices, and sensors, etc. [7] because of its high resistivity and moderate magnetisation.
2 Experimental Details Nanoparticles of NiCex Fe2−x O4 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) were prepared by the chemical route using the nitrates of nickel, iron, and cerium along with citric acid as the host matrix [8]. The obtained nanoparticles of NiCex Fe2−x O4 were characterized by XRD using the Cu-Kα source f
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