Effect of Copper Content on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in a Sweet Brine
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Effect of Copper Content on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in a Sweet Brine L. Elizalde-Aguilar1,2
· M. A. Domínguez-Aguilar3 · R. Cabrera-Sierra4 · A. Cervantes-Tobón1 · M. Díaz-Cruz1
Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract The effect of copper content, on the nature and roughness of the corrosion products formed on carbon steel in a synthetic brine saturated with CO2 at room temperature, was studied using a jet impact chamber tuned at different impact angles. Corrosion rate was determined by linear polarization resistance, and steels behavior was described by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion products formed on steel were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron-dispersive analysis, optical profilometry and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition and morphology of corrosion products affected corrosion rate. For the different steels, Fe3 C and iron oxides provided a low degree of protection. Steels with higher copper contents showed a decrease in corrosion rate due to the formation of copper oxides (CuO and Cu2 O), which apparently offered a stronger physical barrier between the aggressive environment and the substrate. Small roughness of corrosion products was correlated with more compact and uniform layers of corrosion products and also to lower corrosion rates. Keywords Pipeline steels · Corrosion products · Carbon steels · Copper content · Roughness
1 Introduction Carbon steel is the most used material in the energy industry for the transport of oil and gas; however, it suffers from internal corrosion problems caused by fluid transmission. Carbon dioxide corrosion, usually referred to as sweet corrosion, is one of the most severe forms of attack in the oil and gas production and transportation [1–14]. When CO2 is dissolved in water gives carbonic acid, which is dissoci-
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L. Elizalde-Aguilar [email protected] M. A. Domínguez-Aguilar [email protected]
1
Departamento de Metalurgia y Materiales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIQIE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Col. Lindavista, 07738 México, D.F., Mexico
2
Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIME, Ciudad de México, Mexico
3
Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Dirección de Investigación, Eje Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07730 Ciudad de México, Mexico
4
Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIQIE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Col. Lindavista, 07738 México, D.F., Mexico
ated, so the solution pH is decreased. It is well known that the predominant cathodic reaction is not only the reduction of H+ but involves direct reduction of the non-dissociated acid to carbonate [15]. Thus, the formation of iron compounds (i.e., FeCO3 ) serves as a barrier to mitigate metal dissolution in the corrosive medium [16–25]. On the other hand, metallurgical developments ha
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