Effect of Copper, Zinc, and Selenium on the Formation of Bovine Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
- PDF / 2,394,015 Bytes
- 7 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 36 Downloads / 197 Views
Effect of Copper, Zinc, and Selenium on the Formation of Bovine Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Xiechen Zhou 1,2 & Hai Wang 1,2 & Shuai Lian 1,2 & Jianfa Wang 1,2 & Rui Wu 1,2 Received: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dairy cow neutrophils activate a program leading to cell death and expulsion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The role of NETs is to capture pathogens, degrade bacterial toxic factors, and kill bacteria, and the effect of trace elements on NETs formation in cows is ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the effect of copper (0.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/L), zinc (0.1 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/L), and selenium (0.01 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L, and 2.0 mg/L) on NETs formation in dairy cows. Trace element induction of NETs formation was observed by laser confocal microscopy. The percentage of NETs formed was calculated by quantifying the number of neutrophils forming NETs out of the total number of neutrophils observed under 20 high-power (200×) magnification fields. Copper, zinc, and selenium induced the formation of a network of DNA, neutrophil elastase (ELA2), and myeloperoxidase. Copper (0.8 mg/L), zinc (1.0 mg/L), and selenium (0.01 mg/L) significantly induced the formation of NETs (p < 0.05). The study provides an experimental basis for enhancing the immunity of cows before and after delivery by adding copper, zinc, and selenium. Keywords Dairy cow . Neutrophil . NETs . Trace elements Abbreviations MPO Myeloperoxidase PMN Polymorphonuclear neutrophils NETs Neutrophil extracellular traps ELA2 Neutrophils elastase ROS Reactive oxygen species
Introduction Trace elements are important substances for dairy cows to maintain normal life activities. The trace elements, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se), are components of metal chelates, metal oxidation proteins, and various reductive enzymes that indirectly remove free radicals generated by cell metabolism and stress in the body to maintain health. An * Rui Wu [email protected] 1
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
2
Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
adequate intake of Cu is necessary for normal immune function. Resistance to infection is impaired in Cu deficiency in many species [1, 2]. Cu deficiency has adverse effects on the development and function of neutrophils [3]. Se deficiency was associated with decreased GPx activity [4]. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity is decreased in neutrophils, and cellular damage by peroxides or their metabolites may result in decreased microbicidal activity in Se deficiency [5]. The normal range of Cu in cow serum is 0.7–0.9 mg/L. The normal range of Zn in cow serum is 0.8–1.4 mg/L. Se in cow serum should be higher than 0.08 mg/L [6, 7]. In previous studies, Cu, Se deficiency, and combined Cu/
Data Loading...
