Effect of cyano ionic liquid on flame retardancy of melamine
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Effect of cyano ionic liquid on flame retardancy of melamine Shang‑Hao Liu1,2 · Zhi‑Ling Xu2 · Long Zhang2 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Melamine is one of the most extensively applied flame retardants due to its virtue of high thermostability, weak hydrophilicity, and low pollution. For the time being, its efficiency is hardly to be ideal when it acts alone. In previous explorations, melamine could be compellingly modified on the flame retardancy when it was blended with ionic liquids or the compounds comprising cyano groups. With the aim to integrate the advantages of both the groups of substances together, the cyano ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, was combined with melamine to improve the thermal stability of this widely used flame retardant in the research. The simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was applied to gain related parameters to determine whether the addition of the ionic liquid has the possibility to result in the increase in residue and the improvement in the thermal properties. Model-free and Coats-Redfern methods were related together to obtain the mechanism of decomposition. The experimental results demonstrate that the cyano ionic liquid possesses a promoting synergistic effect on the thermal behaviors of melamine, indicating its outstanding application prospect in practical utilization. Keywords Cyano ionic liquid · Flame retardant · Melamine · Simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer · Synergistic effect List of symbols α Conversion degree/% A Pre-exponential factor/s−1 β Heating rate/K min−1 Ea Apparent activation energy/kJ mol−1 Ea |𝛼→0 Limit of apparent activation energy at α → 0/ kJ mol−1 Ea |𝛽→0 Limit of apparent activation energy at β → 0/ kJ mol−1 ξ Apparent activation energy deviation/% f(α) Differential form of mechanism function G(α) Integral form of mechanism function k Reaction rate/s−1 R Universal gas constant 8.314/J mol K−1 R2 Fitting degree t Reaction time/min T0 Initial decomposition temperature/°C
* Shang‑Hao Liu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology (AUST), Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
School of Chemical Engineering, AUST, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
2
Tp Peak decomposition temperature/°C Ted End decomposition temperature/°C
Introduction Fire hazard has been a concerning subject for human beings for thousands of years. One of the most popular patterns to avert undesirable fire is to endow the materials with inflammable properties. In this case, additives and coatings play a significant role due to their ideal compatibility with the bodies in need of improvement. With their low price and competent performance, halogen-containing flame retardants have been the dominant character in the field since the 19th century. However, as it would release toxic products under heating conditions, researchers are trying to find alternatives fo
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