Preparation of pillared layered antimony hydroxide and its flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane
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Preparation of pillared layered antimony hydroxide and its flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane Yi Qian1 · Peng Qiao1 · Long Li2 · Haoyue Han2 · Rongmin Zhao3 · Haiming Zhang2 Received: 27 June 2019 / Accepted: 5 November 2019 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2019
Abstract In this article, a pillared layered antimony hydroxide (Sb-LH) material has been prepared by the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope results showed that Sb-LH was synthesized successfully. Then Sb-LH was added into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to investigate the effect on flame retardancy and smoke suppression by cone calorimeter test, limiting oxygen index, smoke density test and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared with pure TPU, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of TPU composites filled with 2 mass% Sb-LH were reduced by 56.1% and 28.3%, respectively. Among all TPU composites, TPU3 (1.5 mass% Sb-LH loading) had the best smoke suppression. Meanwhile, Sb-LH can remarkably improve the char yield of TPU composites with Lewis acid catalysis obtained by TGA results. Keywords Antimony · Layered hydroxide · Flame retardancy · Thermoplastic polyurethane
Introduction Since the 21st century, with the acceleration of economic construction, the number of large industrial facilities, highrise commercial buildings, underground buildings and residential houses has gradually increased. Polymer materials have become a new force and are used more and more widely, which now far exceeded inorganic materials such as metals. [1]. Because the main components of polymer materials are carbon, hydrogen and other elements, they are prone to decompose and produce flammable volatiles when exposed to external heat sources. These combustible volatiles are mixed with air to form a mixture of combustible gases, which ignites when the temperature reaches the point * Yi Qian [email protected] * Long Li [email protected] 1
College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
2
College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
3
Qingdao University of Science and Technology Library, Qingdao 266042, China
of ignition [2]. Therefore, flame retardancy has become one of the most important factors in the selection of polymer materials for different applications [3]. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a burgeoning kind of polymer material which is synthesized by polyisocyanate, polyol, chain extender and crosslinking agent [4]. Furthermore, it has unique performances and versatile applications, which is widespreadly used in shoes, pipes, films, rollers, cables and other related industries [5]. However, like most other polymers, TPU is easy to burn, and a certain amount of harmful smoke will be produced during combustion, resulting in direct casualties and property losses [6]. The common methods of flame retardant for polymer materials are
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