Effect of different blood groups on tympanometric findings and acoustic reflex thresholds
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Effect of different blood groups on tympanometric findings and acoustic reflex thresholds Prashanth Prabhu1 · Sneha Roslyn Shaji1 · Krishnapriya Moothedath Vipinan1 · Niveditha Valiyaparambil Ramanunny1 · Basaiahgari Nagaraju1 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The blood group can have an effect on the auditory system, and it is suggested that it could be an indicator of noise-induced hearing loss. There could be changes in the immittance findings, too, in adults having different blood groups. The present study attempted to determine if there are any differences in tympanometric results (admittance, peak pressure, gradient, resonance frequency, and ear canal volume) and acoustic reflex thresholds (ART) at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz between individuals with different blood groups (A positive, B positive, O positive and AB positive). Methods Eighty normal hearing adults between the age of 18 and 27 years were considered for the study. They were divided into 20 participants, each with blood groups A, B, AB, and O. The immittance findings were recorded from all the participants of the study. Results The results showed that the resonance frequency was slightly higher in blood group O compared to other blood groups. Also, the acoustic reflex thresholds were slightly elevated at all frequencies (ipsilateral and contralateral) for individuals with blood group O. Conclusions The results of the study suggest possible reduced outer hair cells in persons with blood group O. This could have resulted in elevated acoustic reflex thresholds. Keywords Martial arts · Binaural integration · Dichotic scores · Auditory attention · Blood group · Tympanometry · Acoustic reflexes · Outer hair cells
Introduction Susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) can be different between individuals depending upon several factors [1]. The susceptibility can be different because of the changes in the melanin content, blood pressure, cholesterol level, race, etc.[2]. It was reported by Chow, McPherson, and Fuente [3] and Chen, Chow, and McPherson [4] that blood group can have an effect on otoacoustic emissions and suggested that it could be an indicator of susceptibility to NIHL. Prabhu, Chandrashekhar, Cariappa and Ghosh [5] also reported that ultra-high-frequency auditory sensitivity was poorer in those with blood group O compared to others. There could be changes in the immittance findings, too, in * Prashanth Prabhu [email protected] 1
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
adults having different blood groups. Immittance evaluation consists of tympanometry and reflexometry. Tympanometry is the measurement of acoustic immittance in the external auditory meatus as a function of air pressure within the external auditory meatus. Reflexometry is the process by which acoustic reflexes, which are the involuntary responses to an acoustic stimulus, is obtained. The procedure used for
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