Effect of different human tissue processing techniques on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation-review
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Effect of different human tissue processing techniques on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation-review Andre´ Oliveira Paggiaro
. Viviane Fernandes Carvalho
. Rolf Gemperli
Received: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The safety of the tissue transplant recipient is a top priority for tissue banks, and the emergence of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has raised significant concerns about the risks of releasing tissue for clinical use. In the present study, we conducted a literature review about the potential infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in different biological tissues and the influence of various tissue processing and sterilization procedures on viral inactivation. The search revealed that SARS-CoV-2 binds to the human angiotensinconverting enzyme receptor to penetrate human cells. These receptors are present in skin cells, musculoskeletal tissue, amniotic membranes, cardiovascular tissue and ocular tissues, including the cornea. In general, we found that coronaviruses are stable at low temperatures, and inactivated upon exposure to extreme heat and pH. Notably, gamma irradiation,
A. O. Paggiaro (&) ICHC Tissue Bank-HCFMUSP, Eneas de Carvalho, Sa˜o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] A. O. Paggiaro R. Gemperli Plastic Surgery Department-HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo 07023-070, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] A. O. Paggiaro V. F. Carvalho Nursing Post Graduation-Universidade Guarulhos, Guarulhos 05403-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
which has already been employed to inactivate SARS and MERS, could be useful for sterilizing skin, amnion and musculoskeletal tissues against SARSCoV-2. We conclude that due to the limited information about the effects of physical and chemical tissue processing methods on viral neutralization, rigorous donor screening is still essential for tissue transplant recipient safety. Keywords Covid-19 Infections Patient safety Tissue transplantation Virus inactivation
Introduction On January 11st, 2020, the authorities in China confirmed the existence of 200 human cases and three deaths caused by a new type of coronavirus (CoV), now known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that leads to the development of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) (Chang et al. 2020). Symptoms of COVID-19 include mild flu-like symptoms such as cough, fever, fatigue, headache. However, in more severe cases, it can cause pneumonia, characterized by the image of ground glass on the chest tomography, and can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute heart injury, secondary infections and even death (Wu et al. 2020a, b).
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Cell Tissue Bank
On March 11st, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a worldwide pandemic, and today, more than 2 million people have been infected (Lauer et al. 2020). Unfortunately, because of the rapid transmissibility of the virus (Chen 20
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