Effect of Edge Distance on Lateral Capacity of Piles in Cohesionless Soil Slopes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Edge Distance on Lateral Capacity of Piles in Cohesionless Soil Slopes A. Kranthikumar1 • Ravi S. Jakka1
Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 Indian Geotechnical Society 2020
Abstract Recent advances in the understanding of deep foundation mechanisms suggest that the pile foundations can be used in both level grounds and the sloping grounds to appropriately support the heavy axial and lateral loads coming from the superstructures. The lateral load-carrying capacity of the pile in the sloping ground is different from the level ground due to the presence of slope and pile location (i.e., edge distance). In this study, extensive numerical analyses were performed to understand the behavior of a laterally loaded pile in cohesionless soil slopes by using the three-dimensional finite element method. Effect of various influencing parameters like slope inclination, relative density, angle of internal friction, modulus of elasticity of soil, unit weight of soil, L/D ratio of a pile, and pile diameter on the laterally loaded pile with a change in edge distance was studied. Results from the numerical analyses were compared with the previous experimental studies. An attempt has also been made to find out critical edge distance (i.e., where the effect of slope angle is negligible on lateral capacity) of the pile for different cohesionless soils with varying slope configurations. The critical edge distance is found to be varying between 5.0–7.5D, 7.5–10.0D, and 10.0–15.0D with slope inclinations of 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Keywords Lateral load Critical edge distance Cohesionless soil Finite element method Sloping ground & Ravi S. Jakka [email protected] A. Kranthikumar [email protected] 1
Department of Earthquake Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
Introduction The construction of heavy structures like bridge abutments, transmission line towers, high raised buildings, retaining walls, and dolphins near natural or man-made slopes has increased due to rapid urbanization. Foundations for these types of structures required to support not only heavy axial loads but also the large lateral loads caused by wind, traffic, wave action, and earthquakes. As a solution, pile foundations are the most preferred type of foundations for supporting the heavy vertical and lateral loads coming from these superstructures. The behavior and lateral load-carrying capacity of a pile resting on level ground encompass the interaction between the pile and the surrounding soil/or water. Standard methods, design charts, and empirical formulas for determining the lateral load-carrying capacity of piles on level ground are available in the literature [1–6]. Pile–soil interaction is generally a complex phenomenon, and it becomes more complicated when it comes to the sloping ground due to the additional parameters (i.e., soil slope and edge distance) affecting the lateral load behavior of the pile. Poulos [7] was one of the initial studies, which examined the behavior of long flexib
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