Effect of Finger Sliding Direction on Tactile Perception, Friction and Dynamics
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Finger Sliding Direction on Tactile Perception, Friction and Dynamics Xue Zhou1,2 · Ji Liang Mo1 · Yi Yuan Li3 · Zai Yu Xiang1 · Dan Yang1 · Marc A. Masen2 · Zhong Min Jin1,4 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Human beings use certain styles when perceiving physical characteristics of objects with fingers. Sliding direction of finger contact is among the aforementioned styles. Thus, understanding the effect of sliding direction on tactile perception is essential. This study investigated the perception and identification of the roughness of sandpapers in two different sliding directions: proximal and distal. Furthermore, the corresponding tribological and dynamical properties of finger contact were examined using a custom setup. It was observed that the sliding direction and sliding speed influenced subjective judgment. The interaction between these two factors was also considered. A macroscopically continuous movement with a series of local collisions among the contact asperities enhanced the tactile perception in the proximal sliding. While in the distal direction, stick–slip occurred and interrupted the collision process, and reduced the tactile perception. The stick–slip phenomenon is modulated by various factors, including the external force and variations in the skin stiffness, which is influenced by the fingernail as well as the different friction properties in the two sliding directions. Keywords Tactile perception · Finger friction · Sliding direction · Stick–slip
1 Introduction The human skin is an important organ through which people communicate directly with the external environment. Tactile sensations, such as softness feelings [1], pain [2], stickiness [3], slipperiness [4], and spatial perception [5, 6], are sensed by the stimulation of the mechanoreceptors found in the skin. The compressive and tensile deformations of skin stimulate the tactile centre in the brain, inducing tactile sensation. Human beings often explore and perceive the characteristics of object surfaces by touching with their fingers. The motion of the fingers during tactile exploration results * Zhong Min Jin [email protected] 1
Tribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2
Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
3
School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
4
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
in friction in the finger-object interface [7–9]. Understanding and analysing the mechanisms of tactile perception and the relevance of skin friction has become important and has received significant attention [10–12], especially for practical applications, such as surface haptic displays [13, 14], artificial skin for robotics [15], design of cosmetic and medical products [16–18]. Several studi
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